Chemistry – Hydrogen – Notes For W.B.C.S Examination.
রসায়ন – হাইড্রোজেন – WBCS পরীক্ষার জন্য নোট।
Introduction
- In the periodic table, hydrogen is the lightest element, its atomic weight is merely 1.008.Continue Reading Chemistry – Hydrogen – Notes For W.B.C.S Examination.
- The symbol of hydrogen is ‘H’ and the atomic number is ‘1.’
- In the early 16th century, hydrogen gas was first artificially produced by the reaction of acids and metals.
- Henry Cavendish first recognized the hydrogen gas a discrete substance during the period of 1766-81, as it produces water when it is burned.
Salient Features of Hydrogen
- In their plasma state, the non-remnant stars are primarily composed of hydrogen.
- At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen appears colorless, tasteless, odorless, nonmetallic, non-toxic, and highly combustible diatomic gas.
- The molecular formula of hydrogen is H2.
- On the earth, hydrogen exists in molecular forms, for example, water or other organic compounds.
- Hydrogen also plays an important role in acid–base reactions.
- Hydrogen gas is highly flammable in the air.
- Pure hydrogen-oxygen flames radiate ultraviolet light; further, with high oxygen mix are nearly invisible to the naked eye.
- Hydrogen can react with almost every oxidizing element.
- At room temperature, Hydrogen normally reacts spontaneously and viciously with chlorine and fluorine and forms the corresponding hydrogen halides.
Occurrence of Hydrogen
- Consisting roughly about 75 percent of all baryonic mass, hydrogen is the most abundantly found chemical subsistence in the universe.
- Throughout the universe, hydrogen is typically found in the atomic and plasma states; however, the properties quite different from those of the molecular hydrogen.
- On the earth, hydrogen exists as the diatomic gas, i.e. H2.
- Because of having light weight, hydrogen easily escapes from the earth’s atmosphere.
- Hydrogen is the third most abundant element found on the Earth’s surface, but largely found in form of hydrocarbons and water.
Compounds of Hydrogen
- Following are the major compounds of hydrogen −
- Water – H2O
- Ammonia – NH3
- Hydrogen chloride – HCl
- Hydrogen fluoride – HF
- Hydrogen sulfide – H2S
- Methane – CH4
- Hydroxide – OH–
- Hydrogen bromide – HBr
- Hydrogen iodide – HI
- Hydrogen cyanide – HCN
- Phosphine – PH3
- Hydrogen selenide – H2Se
- Methanol – CH3OH
- Lithium hydride – LiH
- Bicarbonate – HCO3
- Hydrogen telluride – H2Te
- Liquid hydrogen – H2
- Cyanide – CN
- Calcium hydride – CaH2
- Heavy water – D2O
- Diborane – B2H6
- Sodium hydride – NaH
- Potassium hydride – KH
Uses of Hydrogen
- The largest amount of H2 is used in the processing of fossil fuels as well as in the production of ammonia.
- Hydrogen (H2) is extensively used in the petroleum and chemical industries.
- H2 is typically used as a hydrogenating agent, especially in increasing the saturation level of unsaturated fats and oils.
- H2 is also used as a shielding gas in welding procedures, such as atomic hydrogen welding, etc.
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