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NCERT Notes-Buddha And His Teachings-For W.B.C.S Examination.
এনসিইআরটির নোট – বুদ্ধ এবং তাঁর শিক্ষা – WBCS পরীক্ষার জন্য।
NCERT notes on important topics for the W.B.C.S civil services exam.Continue Reading NCERT Notes-Buddha And His Teachings-For W.B.C.S Examination
- Buddhism was founded by Gautama Buddha.
- Buddha was born as Prince Siddhartha at Lumbini near Kapilavastu (in present Nepal) in 566 BC.
- He was the son of Suddhodhana and Mahamaya. Suddhodhana was the chief of the Sakya clan. Due to this, Buddha was also known as ‘Sakyamuni’.
- His mother died either giving birth to him or after seven days. Siddhartha was brought up by his maternal aunt, Prajapati Gautami. This gave him the name ‘Gautama’.
- He was married to Yashodhara and had a son, Rahula.
- He left his home at the age of 29 to become an ascetic. This event is called Mahabhishkramana.
- The idea of renunciation occurred to the Buddha after he saw four different states of man – sick man, old man, corpse and ascetic.
- Buddha wandered for seven years and at the age of 35 attained enlightenment at Uruvela while meditating under a banyan tree on the banks of the river Niranjana. This tree came to be known as ‘Bodhi tree’ and the place became Bodh Gaya (in Bihar).
- He gave his first sermon at Sarnath near Varanasi. This event is called Dharmachakra Pravartana/ Dhammachakkappavattana.
- He died in 483 BC under a Sal tree in Kushinagar (in UP). This event is called Mahaparinirvana.
- The term ‘Buddha’ means ‘enlightened one’.
- Important contemporaries of Buddha were Mahavira Jaina, Kings Prasenjit, Bimbisara and Ajatasatru.
Buddhist Philosophy/Teachings of the Buddha
- It teaches the Middle Path renouncing extreme step like indulgence and strict abstinence.
- The four noble truths (Arya satya) in Buddhism are:
- The world is full of sorrow.
- Desire is the root cause of all sorrow.
- Sorrow can be conquered by conquering desire.
- Desire can be conquered by following the eight-fold paths (Ashtangirka Marga).
- Eight-fold path are:
- Right understanding
- Right resolve
- Right speech
- Right action
- Right living
- Right efforts
- Right thought
- Right self-concentration.
- The Tri Ratnas of Buddhism are: Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha.
- Buddha: highest spiritual potential in every one.
- Dhamma: the teachings of Buddha (Pali for Sanskrit Dharma or righteousness)
- Sangha: order of monks who follow Buddhism.
- Buddha did not believe in god or soul.
- Stressed on karma and ahimsa.
- He was against the varna system. Buddha taught in Pali.
- Buddhism spread to several countries outside India. China adopted Buddhism in the 1st century AD.
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