W.B.C.S Current Affairs 13 October 2018 to 19 October 2018

The Importance of Current Affairs in W.B.C.S examinations is immense.Success inW.B.C.S  Prelims and W.B.C.S Mains Exam is mainly subjected to how well an aspirant is aware of the important current affairs. Preparation of current affairs for W.B.C.S is the key to unlock the exam.1) The 12th Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) Summit was held in Brussels, Belgium. The theme of summit was ‘Global Partners for Global Challenges’. It was chaired by European Council President Donald Tusk. The summit was attended by heads of state of 51 European and Asian countries, representatives of European Union and Secretary General of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). India was represented by Vice President M. Venkaiah Naidu. This edition of summit has prioritised issues related to trade and investment, connectivity, sustainable development, climate change, terrorism, migration, maritime security and cyberspace. Asia-Europe Meeting Summit (ASEM): ASEM is informal political dialogue and cooperation forum that brings 53 entities – including 51 countries (including India) from Asia and Europe and two regional bodies European Union (EU) and ASEAN. It represents around 62.3% of the world’s population, 57.2% of the global GDP and almost 60% of the world’s trade. ASEM was officially established in March 1996 at the first summit in Bangkok, Thailand. The dialogue addresses political, economic and cultural issues between the two regions. It also seeks to strengthen relationship between the two regions in a spirit of mutual respect and equal partnership. Three main pillars ASEM process are Political & Security, Economic & Financial and Social, Cultural & Educational.Continue Reading W.B.C.S Current Affairs 13 October 2018 to 19 October 2018.

2) Shahi Litchi from Bihar has received Geographical Indication (GI) tag from Chennai based Geographical Indication Registry and Intellectual Property India. The GI registration was done in name of Muzaffarpur-based Litchi Growers Association of Bihar, which had applied for the tag. Shahi Litchi which famous for its sweet, juicy, unique flavour and aroma is mostly grown in Muzaffarpur and adjoining areas of East Champaran, Vaishali, Samastipur and Begusarai districts of state. Bihar produces 40% of the litchis grown in India on 38% of the area. Significance: The GI tag for Shahi Litchi will improve demand for fruit and reduce fear of fake and poor quality litchis. It will also help and benefit thousands of litchi growers who will gain access to more markets and get better price for their produce in the country and abroad. Shahi Litchi is fourth agricultural product from Bihar after Katrani rice, Jardalu mango and Magahi paan (betel vine), to get GI tag. In addition to four GI tags in agricultural field, some art form from Bihar such as Madhubani painting, applique – Khatwa patch work, Sikki grass work, Sujini embroidery work and Bhagalpur silk have also been accorded GI tag under handicraft category. Geographical Indication (GI): GI tag is name or sign used on certain products which correspond to specific geographical location or origin. It is used for agricultural, natural and manufactured goods having special quality and established reputation. The goods and products having tag are recognised for their origin, quality and reputation and gives it required edge in global market. It also ensures that none can use their name, giving them exclusivity. The registration of GI is valid for 10 years after which it needs to be renewed. Violation of GI tags is punishable offence under law. The purpose of GI tag enables stakeholders to authenticate their production while earning a premium and derive an improved livelihood. GI is covered as element of intellectual property rights (IPRs) under Paris Convention for Protection of Industrial Property. At international level, GI is governed by WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). In India, GI tag Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection Act), 1999 governs it. This Act is administered by Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks, who is also Registrar of Geographical Indications and is based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

3) The first joint military exercise named “Dharma Guardian” between India and Japan will be held at the Army’s Counter-Insurgency Warfare School at Vairengte (Mizoram) from November 1 to 14, 2018. The exercise is aimed at developing mutual understanding and respect between militaries of both countries, as also facilitate in tracking worldwide phenomenon of terrorism. Dharma Guardian: In this exercise, Indian Army will be represented by 6/1 Gorkha Rifles, while Japanese Ground Self-Defence Force will field its 32 Infantry Regiment. The emphasis of this exercise will be on building interoperability. Armies of both countries will jointly train, plan and execute series of well-developed tactical drills for neutralization of likely threats that may be encountered in urban warfare scenario. Moreover, experts from both sides will also hold detailed discussions to share their expertise on varied operational aspects. Comment: In recent times, India and Japan have been steadily stepping up their bilateral defence ties, with more military exchanges, training programmes and top-level visits as well as collaboration in maritime security and defence production, with eye firmly on an aggressive and expansionist China. Exercise Dharma Guardian will be another step to deepen bilateral strategic ties. Such exercise will be effective diplomatic tool to enhance overall strategic ties and military-to-military cooperation between both friendly countries.

4) Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired sixth meeting of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) at New Delhi. In this meeting, he reviewed activities of NDMA to effectively manage and respond to disasters affecting country. He also reviewed ongoing projects undertaken by NDMA. During this meeting, he emphasized on need for better coordination between various stakeholders and undertake more joint exercises to bring about effective response to save life and property. He also stressed upon need to bring in global expertise in the field of disaster management. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): It is a statutory body under the aegis of Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). It was established in 2009 and its provisions are envisaged in Disaster Management Act, 2005. Its mandate is to coordinate the response to natural or man-made disasters and capacity-building in case of disaster resiliency and crisis response. It is also responsible for framing policies, laying down guidelines and best-practices and coordinating with State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) to ensure a holistic and distributed approach to disaster management. It is governed by 9 member board chaired by Prime Minister of India (thus, he is ex-officio chairman of NDMA).

5) Former Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand Chief Minister Narayan Dutt Tiwari passed away in New Delhi. He was 93-year-old. He is only Politician who has served as CM of two states. He was known as Vikas Purush and was instrumental in developing the industrial sector in Uttarakhand. Narayan Dutt Tiwari: Born on October 18, 1925 in Baluti, United Provinces in then British India (now in Uttarakhand, India). He was three-time CM of Uttar Pradesh and was first elected CM of Uttarakhand as well. His first stint as UP CM was from January 1976 to April 1977 and then again from August 1984 to September 1985 and from June 1988 to December 1988. He was elected to Lok Sabha in 1980 and Rajya Sabha in 1985. He was also Union minister and had held a variety of portfolios. He was Union Minister of External Affairs in late Rajiv Gandhi’s cabinet and thereafter he became Minister for Finance and Commerce and held the ministry till June 1988. He was Chief Minister of Uttarakhand from 2002 to 2007 (after Uttarakhand was carved out of UP in November 2000). He also had served as Governor of Andhra Pradesh from 2007 to 2009. He was first elected to UP Assembly on Praja Samajwadi Party ticket from Nainital in 1952 and 1957. He joined Congress in 1963 and elected to UP Assembly from Kashipur in 1965. He was first president of Youth Congress in 1969. He had floated the All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) in 1995 along with Arjun Singh after he had left Congress. He also had won the Lok Sabha polls in 1996 and 1999.

6) Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun has signed two Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) and Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS) to launch ‘Prakriti’ programme. The two MoUs have been signed for a period of 10 years. MoUs signed: These MoUs aim to make Indian youth more sensitive towards national and global issues of environment and help them become responsible citizens. It also seeks to mobilise cadre of youth for raising a peoples’ movement, which is committed to the conservation of forest and environment. The collaboration forged through these MoUs will enable transfer of knowledge to students and teachers of KVS and NVS on environment, forest, environmental services and contemporary areas of forestry research through lectures and interactive sessions by ICFRE scientists. Prakriti programme: The main objective of Prakriti programme is to provide platform for school children to learn practical skills towards sustainable use of resources. It also aims to promote awareness about forests and environment and stimulate interest among students of KVS and NVS in maintaining balanced environment. It also seeks to provide students with skills that reflect care and protection towards forests, environment and society. Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE): It is autonomous organization under Ministry of Environment and Forests. It is headquartered in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Its functions are to conduct and promote forestry research, transfer technologies developed to states of India and other user agencies and to impart forestry education. It has 9 research institutes and 4 advanced centres to cater to research needs of different bio-geographical regions.

7) The Union Government launched national campaign ‘Swasth Bharat Yatra’ on occasion of World Food Day (observed on 16 October) to sensitise people about eating safe food and be healthy. The campaign has been launched in association with states and led by Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). Swasth Bharat Yatra national campaign: Under it, pan-India cycle rally is being organized to create consumer awareness about eating safe and nutritious food for becoming healthy and combating food adulteration. . In this rally, about 7,500 cyclists are expected to participate in over 18,000 km travelling across six tracks through almost every state and UT over 100 days to propagate a powerful message ‘Eat Right India’. The cyclathon will culminate in the national capital on January 27, 2019. This campaign will not only mobilise masses but also create large pool of local community to sustain this movement.

8) The World Food Day is observed globally on 16 October to mark foundation of Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations in 1945. It is observed as day of action dedicated to tackling global hunger and aims to raise public awareness about hunger challenges and encourage people around world to take action in fight against hunger. It also shows commitment to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 – to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030. Events organised to celebrate this day promotes worldwide awareness and action for those who suffer from hunger and for need to ensure food security and nutritious diets for all. The theme for this year was: ‘Our actions are our future – A zero hunger world by 2030 is possible’. Background: World Food Day was instituted in November 1979 by FAO’s Member Countries at its 20th General Conference of to raise awareness of issues behind poverty and hunger. The day was observed for the first time it on 16 October 1981 and idea of celebrating the WFD worldwide was mooted by Hungarian Delegation to FAO. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO): FAO is specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Its parent organization is UN Economic and Social Council (UNESC). It is neutral forum serving both developed and developing countries where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. It was established on 16 October 1945 and its headquarters are in Rome, Italy. Its motto is “Let there be bread”. It has 194 member states, along with the European Union (member organization). FAO meet the demands posed by major global trends in agricultural development and challenges faced by member nations. It helps countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring good nutrition and food security for all.

9) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued guidelines for interoperability among prepaid instruments (PPI) such as e-wallets. Inter-operability is technical compatibility that enables payment system to be used in conjunction with other payment systems. RBI Guidelines: The guidelines are aimed at promoting money transfer between e-wallets and digital transactions. They also elaborate requirements for achieving interoperability for mobile wallets, cards and norms for customer protection and grievance redressal. The interoperability will be achieved in phased manner i.e. initially inter-operability of PPIs issued in form of wallets through UPI, and later between wallets and bank accounts through UPI, and interoperability for PPIs issued in form of cards through card networks. The interoperability between mobile wallets and between bank accounts and e-wallets will be enabled through Unified Payments Interface (UPI) system. It will be facilitated to all KYC-compliant PPI accounts and entire acceptance infrastructure. In case where PPIs are issued in form of cards, then cards will be affiliated to authorised card networks. PPI issuers must have board approved policy for achieving PPI inter-operability. This will allow PPI issuers, system providers and system participants in different systems to undertake, clear and settle payment transactions across systems without participating in multiple systems. Card networks are also allowed to onboard PPI issuers to join their network. Non-bank PPI issuers are permitted to participate as members/associate members of authorised card networks. Significance: The interoperability of PPIs will allow transfer from one wallet to another through UPI. It will also allow transfer from wallets to bank also through UPI. Moreover, wallet companies can now issue cards and for this they don’t need to partner with banks for UPI and card issuance. It will thus boost digital payments, improve financial penetration in long term.

10) The International Day for the Eradication of Poverty (IDEP) is observed every year on October 17 to raise people’s awareness of the need to eradicate poverty and destitution worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The 2018 theme was ‘Coming together with those furthest behind to build an inclusive world of universal respect for human rights and dignity’. This year’s significance: This year marks 25th anniversary of institution of this day, through declaration by UN General Assembly (UNGA) in its resolution 47/196 in December 1992. This year also marks the 30th anniversary of Call to Action by Father Joseph Wresinski which inspired observance of October 17 as World Day for Overcoming Extreme Poverty and recognition of day by UN as International Day for the Eradication of Poverty. This year also marks 70th anniversary of proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Background: The International Day for the Eradication of Poverty (IDEP) was instituted by UNGA by adopting a resolution on 22 December 1992 to promote awareness among people to eradicate poverty and destitution around the world particularly in developing countries. It was observed for the first time in 1993.

11) Union Ministry of Road Transport & Highways has launched Youth Road Safety Learners Licence programme in New Delhi today. It is Public–private partnership (PPP) initiative in collaboration with Diageo India and Institute of Road Traffic Education (IRTE). Youth Road Safety Learners Licence Programme: It is first-of-its-kind training programme in the country. It attempts to bring formal and structured training program for young, first-time drivers as they apply for learner’s license. Its long-term objective is at improving road safety awareness amongst young adults by inculcating behavioural change and creating awareness about responsible driving habits. This programme will help Government to achieve its target of reducing road accidents by 50% by 2020. It will help to main-stream road safety in formal education system. The programme has immersive and interactive module led by senior faculty members of IRTE covering varied aspects of responsible driving including defensive driving, ill effects of driving under influence of alcohol, speeding and wearing of helmets spread over two days.. Background: India accounts for 12.5% (over 1.45 lakh fatalities a year) of global road accidents, with one road accident occurring every four minutes. Alarmingly, 72% victims involved in such road mishaps are between age groups of 15-44 years with speeding, reckless and drunk driving being the top reason accounting for 1.5% of road traffic accidents and 4.6% of fatalities.

12) The International Day of Rural Women is observed every year on October 15 to recognize the crucial role and contribution of rural women. The 2018 theme of the day was “Sustainable infrastructure, services and social protection for gender equality and the empowerment of rural women and girls”. The observance of day highlights role and contribution of rural women, including indigenous women in enhancing rural and agricultural development, eradicating rural poverty and improving food security and ensuring sustainability of rural households and communities, improving rural livelihoods and overall wellbeing. Background: The International Day of Rural Women was instituted by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) by passing resolution 62/136 in December 2007. It was first observed on15 October 2008. According to UN, empowerment of rural women is pre-requisite for fulfilling vision of the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) which aims at ending poverty and hunger, achieve food security and empower all women and girls. Rural women, make up over a quarter of the total world population. Majority of them depend on natural resources and agriculture for their livelihood. They produce, prepare and process much of the food available, thereby giving them primary responsibility for food security. Thus, International Day of Rural Women recognises contribution and significant role played by these rural women in food security and poverty elevation.Continue Reading W.B.C.S Current Affairs 13 October 2018 to 19 October 2018.

13) Government has allowed foreign tourists to visit Andaman and Nicobar Islands without any restrictions. In this regard, Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has modified its earlier order which made it mandatory for foreign tourists to register with Foreigners Registration Officer (FRO) within 24 hours of their arrival. Key Facts: The step was taken on suggestion made by Union Tourism Ministry to boost foreign tourist arrivals in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This order follows earlier directive which allowed foreigners to visit 29 inhabited and 11 uninhabited islands in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were prohibited for visitors under Foreigners (Restricted Area) Order, 1963, without any restrictions. However, citizens of Afghanistan, China and Pakistan and foreign nationals having their origin in these countries will continue to require Restricted Area Permit (RAP) to visit Union Territory. Moreover, separate approvals of competent authority will continue to be required for visiting reserved forests, wildlife sanctuaries and tribal reserves as at present. Ministry of Tourism has also proposed that travel restrictions be removed from border areas in Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.

14) Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) has launched Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered chatbot– Ask Disha ((Digital Interaction to Seek Help Anytime) to help its users answer various queries. The chatbot is special computer programme designed to simulate conversation with users, especially over the internet. It has gone live on IRCTC’s next-gen e ticketing website and soon will be integrated on the IRCTC Rail Connect Android app. Ask Disha: The first-of-its-kind initiative by IRCTC is aimed at facilitating accessibility by answering users’ queries pertaining to various services offered to railway passengers. The chatbot is voice enabled and will support several regional languages in the near future. It will offer greatly improved and intuitive customer support by answering customer queries pertaining to all aspects of the services that IRCTC provides. Users can also ask questions to AI chatbot by visiting IRCTC website. As soon as the users start typing their queries, AI chatbot automatically starts showing some options based on typed phrases. Users can then either pick one of queries from displayed options or type in complete question if their query is not being displayed on the screen. The essential features of AskDisha include ability to quickly answer to customer queries, ability to provide round-the-clock customer support, ability to multitask, zero waiting time for query to get answered and overall ability to provide customer with stress-free experience and overall customer satisfaction.

15) Veteran composer, lyricist, writer and national award winning music director Mohammed Zahur Khayyam Hashmi, famously known as Khayya was 2018 Hridaynath Award for Lifetime Achievement. The award will be conferred by Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis in Mumbai. This year, the award ceremony coincides with81st birthday of Hridaynath Mangeshkar after whom award is named. Khayyam: He had started his music career in Ludhiana in 1943 at age of 17. Later, he had teamed up as Sharma of music-director duo ‘Sharmaji-Varmaji’ to compose music for films like “Heer Ranjha” (1948) and others. His earliest notable solo works were for Footpath (1953), “Biwi” and “Phir Subah Hogi” (1958). The 1961 blockbuster “Shola Aur Shabnam” had firmly established Khayyam as top-notch music director followed by films with superhit music like Mohabbat Isko Kehta Hain (1965) and Aakhri Khat (1966). Later, he composed music for films like “Kabhi Kabhi” (1976), “Trishul” (1978), “Noorie” (1979), “Thodisi Bewafai” (1980), “Dard” and “Ahista Ahista” (1981), “Dil, Akhir Dil Hai” and “Bazaar”(1982), “Razia Sultan” (1983). In 1981, he composed music for the sensitive blockbuster film “Umrao Jaan”, which is considered as jewel in crown of Khayyam’s compositions for which he bagged National Award and also Filmfare Award and others. Hridaynath Mangeshkar Award: The award was established in 2011 by Mumbai-based socio-cultural organisation Hridayesh Art in honour of music composer and singer Hridaynath Mangeskar. It felicitates and recognises successful individuals across country from various walks of life. It carries monetary award of Rs 2 lakh and a memento. The previous recipients of the award include eminent personalities like Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Amitabh Bachchan, Hariprasad Chaurasia, A R Rahman. Hridaynath Mangeskar is son of renowned musician Deenanath Mangeshkar and is younger brother of Indian music legends Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle.

16) The first India-United States tri-services exercise is likely to take place in 2019 in India. It will include all services of both countries and talks are on to include special forces. US will second country after Russia with whom India conducts tri-services exercise. Key Facts: The Indo-US joint tri-services drill was formally announced after first 2+2 dialogue between principals of External Affairs and Defence Ministries of two countries which was held in New Delhi in September 2018. The drill will focus on United Nations-based scenario and overarching mission of humanitarian assistance, disaster relief measure. It will be also in line with India’s ambition of being natural humanitarian disaster relief hub in the Indo-Pacific region. Background: The three forces of India and US already take part in multiple bilateral exercises separately. Moreover, armies of both countries are also participating in annual drill called Yudh Abyaas, whose latest edition took place in September 2018, and Air Forces take part in bilateral drill called Cope India. Navies of both countries also participate in exercise called Malabar which also involves Japan. But this will be first time, three services of India and US will participate in drill together. Indian Army has Para SF, Navy has Marcos while Air Force has Garud as their respective special forces.

17) The 6th Interregional Ministerial Meeting of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) was held in Singapore. The meeting was reviewed after 6th RCEP ministerial meeting held in August 2018. In this meeting, all partner countries agreed to finalize trading deal by the end of this year. From Indian side, Minister of State (MoS) for Commerce & Industry and Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution C. R. Chaudhary had attended the meeting. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP): RCEP is a proposed proposed free trade agreement (FTA) or comprehensive regional economic integration agreement between the 10-ASEAN countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) and its six FTA partners (Australia, New Zealand, India, China, Japan and Korea). The negotiations for this mega trade deal were formally launched at 2012 ASEAN Summit in Cambodia. It aims to cover goods, services, investments, economic and technical cooperation, competition and intellectual property rights under its ambit. Till 2017, 16 RCEP member states accounted for population of 3.4 billion people with total GDP (in terms of PPP) of $49.5 trillion, approximately 38% of the world’s GDP (combined GDPs of China and India makes up more than half that amount) and 29% of world trade.

18) Delhi government has launched Chief Minister’s Urban Leaders Fellowship Programme that seeks to attract young leaders across the country to work with it on addressing some of the most pressing urban challenges. It was announced by Delhi Deputy Chief Minister Manish Sisodia. Chief Minister’s Urban Leaders Fellowship Programme: The fellowship aims to provide unique opportunity to young leaders across India to work within the Delhi government to address some of the most pressing urban challenges in India. It also seeks to attract youth who are passionate about public service and are willing to work for two years. Fellows selected under this programme will be assigned to work with ministers or senior officials across various departments Delhi government such as health, education, water, transport, art and culture. The fellows will be paid remuneration of Rs 1.25 lakh per month and Rs 75,000 per month to Associate Fellows.

19) Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed Dr. Shekhar Mande as the Director General of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and Secretary of the Department of Scientific and Research (DSIR). He will succeed Girish Sahni who superannuated in August 2018. Dr. Shekhar Mande: Dr. Mande, a structural biologist is Director of National Centre for Cell Sciences, Pune. He has worked at Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad. He is also top functionary of Vijnana Bharati, a swadeshi science movement affiliated with Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). He is fellow of all three major science academies and recipient of coveted SS Bhatnagar Prize (2005), most prestigious science honour in the country. Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR): CSIR is an autonomous body and India’s premier research and development (R&D) organisation. It was established in 1942. It operates as an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act of 1860. It is mainly funded by the Union Ministry of Science and Technology. Prime Minister is the chairman of CSIR. It has been ranked 9th in the world amongst 1207 government institutions, with overall global ranking of 75 in world, covering 5250 institutions. It runs a chain of 38 national research labs. It is headquarter in New Delhi.

20) The 6th edition of India International Silk Fair (IISF) was held at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi. It was inaugurated by Union Minister of Textiles Smriti Irani. The three day event was organised by Indian Silk Export Promotion Council (ISEPC). Over 108 exhibitors of silk and blended silk products manufactured in different parts of the country displayed their produce during this event. Over 218 buyers from various countries also participated in the fair. Background: India is the 2nd largest producer of silk in the world after China. The silk industry is agriculture based and labour intensive and provides gainful employment to around 8 million artisans and weavers in rural areas. In India, four varieties of silk are produced, viz. Mulberry, Eri, Tasar and Muga. About 80% of silk produced is of mulberry silk, majority of which is produced in three southern States of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. About 97% of raw silk in India is produced in five Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Jammu and Kashmir.

21) Indian Navy has inducted its first Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV) which is deployed to rescue downed or disaster-struck submarines at high sea. It will be based in Mumbai, Maharashtra and enhance Navy’s operational capabilities. With this, India joined select list of international navies (United States, China, Russia, Japan, South Korea, Singapore UK, Sweden and Australia) with ability to search, locate and provide assistance to downed or disaster-struck or distressed submarines at high sea. The second DSRV is expected to be inducted at Visakhapatnam in 2019. Key Facts: The DSRVs complete with associated kit in fly away configuration, can be crucial in quickly locating submarines through vast expanse of sea and can be mobilised by air and water for rapid rescue. Thus, it can be deployed at short notice for providing assistance to submarines in distress. Some DSRV vessels are air transportable in very large military cargo. DSRVs can also be deployed for various other missions including to lay cables on the sea bed. Background: The induction of DSRV is part of Indian Navy’s efforts to enhance operational capabilities when China has been ramping up its maritime presence in critical sea lanes especially in Indian Ocean Region (IOR) which are of strategic importance to India. Earlier in 2017, Indian Navy also had operationalised new concept of deployment of warships in IOR to effectively counter China’s growing presence in the strategically key waters. The new mission-based deployment involves deploying mission-ready ships and aircraft along critical sea lanes of communications.Continue Reading W.B.C.S Current Affairs 13 October 2018 to 19 October 2018.

22) The 46th edition of world’s largest IHGF-Delhi Fair was held at India Expo Centre & Mart, Greater Noida from October 14 to 18, 2018. It was inaugurated by Union Minister of State (MoS) for Textiles Ajay Tamta. It was organized by Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH). It saw participation by over 3200 exhibitors and visit of overseas buyers from over 110 countries. Key Facts: The IHGF fair is held biannually and is organised by Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts. It has played vital role in increasing exports of handicrafts from the country and has acquired special importance for handicrafts sector as overseas buyers find this fair as the most effective sourcing medium for their requirements and that the Indian exporting community considers this as the most effective marketing medium for their merchandise. Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH): It is apex body of handicrafts exporters for promotion of exports of handicrafts from country. It promotes supports, protects, maintains and increase export of handicrafts. It was established as non-profit organisation under Companies Act in 1986-87. It is also engaged in promotion of handicrafts from India and project India’s image abroad as a reliable supplier of high quality handicrafts. It is run and managed by team of professionals headed by Executive Director.

23) India was elected to United Nations’ Human Rights Council’, the main body of UN charged with promoting and monitoring human rights for period of three years beginning January 1, 2019. In this secret ballot election held in 193-member UN General Assembly (UNGA) India secured 188 votes in Asia-Pacific category, the highest number of votes among all candidates. Total 18 new members in the five regional categories were elected by absolute majority (i.e. minimum of 97 votes are required to get elected through secret ballot). From Asia-Pacific region category, Fiji with 187 and Bangladesh 178 votes were also elected along with India. This was fifth time India has been elected to UNHRC, previously was elected 2006-2009, 2011-2014 and 2014-2017. United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC): UNHRC is an inter-governmental body within United Nations system. It is responsible for strengthening promotion and protection of human rights around globe and for addressing situations of human rights violations and make recommendations on them. It was created by UNGA on 15 March 2006 by adopting resolution 60/251 to promote human rights globally. It had replaced former UN Commission on Human Rights. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Members: UNHRC is made up of 47 UN member states which are elected by UN General Assembly (UNGA) with specific number of seats allocated for each five region of the globe viz. African States (13 seats), Asia-Pacific States (13 seats), Eastern European States (6 seats), Latin American and Caribbean States (8 seats) and Western European and other States( 7 seats). Members serve for three-year terms and can serve only two terms in a row. Functions: Members of the council work to engage countries on improving human rights. They make decisions ranging from exposing violations to recommending that UN Security Council make referral to International Criminal Court (ICC). UNHRC does not have authority to take action but can exert significant pressure on violating country. It can also set up special rapporteurs with mandate to investigate and report human-rights violations and abuses. Note: United States under President Donald Trump Administration had withdrawn from UNHRC earlier this year after it questioned legitimacy of the council because of presence of several dictatorial regimes violating human rights on it.

24) National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) celebrated Silver Jubilee (25 years) on October 12, 2018. NHRC was set up on October 12, 1993. The silver Jubilee celebrations were held in New Delhi. Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the function and appreciated role of NHRC. NHRC also released special silver jubilee logo and commissioned documentary titled ‘NHRC: 25 years, Billion Hopes’ capturing the 25 years of its journey. It also organized ‘Human Rights Mela’ and ‘Human Rights Street Theatre Festival’ in New Delhi. National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): NHRC is apex statutory watchdog of human rights in the country, i.e. the rights related to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by Constitution or embodied in the international convents. It was established on October 12, 1993 as per t statutory provisions of Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It is multimember body consisting of Chairman and four members. President appoints Chairman and members of NHRC on recommendation of high-powered committee headed by Prime Minister. Its headquarters is located in New Delhi. NHRC can either take suo motu cognisance of cases through media reports or complaint filed by victim or any other person on his or her behalf or on basis of reports received from the police department. Functions of NHRC: Investigate violations of human rights committed by the government. Intervene in legal proceedings related to human rights. Recommend to provide relief to the victims and their families. Review protection provided by Constitution. Study international treaties related to human rights, etc. and recommend for effective implementation on its basis.• Promote research in the field of human rights. Spread human rights education in different sections of the society.

25) Government’s premier think tank NITI Aayog has inked agreement with Microsoft India to deploy artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to address challenges in agriculture and healthcare and promote adoption of local language computing among others. This partnership will help NITI Aayog to move beyond pilots and understand how to scale AI implementation in sectors characterized by preponderance of public goods. Key Facts: Under the agreement, Microsoft will provide NITI Aayog advanced AI-based solutions to address challenges in agriculture and healthcare including farm advisory services, healthcare screening models at Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and build capacity for AI through education among others. It will also support NITI Aayog by combining cloud, AI, research and its vertical expertise for new initiatives and solutions across several core areas. Microsoft will also accelerate use of AI for development and adoption of local language computing, in addition to building capacity for AI among workforce through education. Additionally, it will also promote STEM education in areas of AI studies and data sciences for young women in institutes identified by NITI Aayog.

26) The 13th Convention of Central Information Commission was held in New Delhi. It was inaugurated by President Ram Nath Kovind. It was attended by Chief Information Commissioner, Information Commissioners, State Information Commissioners, former information Commissioners, Central Public information officer, NGOs and other stake holders. Central Information Commission (CIC): CIC was established in 2005 by Central Government under provisions of Right to Information (RTI) Act (2005). It is plays important role in maintaining transparency in system of governance essential for healthy democracy. Such kind of transparency check aims to curb corruption, nepotism, oppression and misuse or abuse of the authority. CIS is designated statutory authority to receive and inquire into complaint from any person. The general superintendence, direction and management of affairs of Commission are vested in Chief Information Commissioner who is assisted by Information Commissioners. CIC submits annual report to Union government on the implementation of the provisions of RTI Act. The central government inturn places this report before each house of Parliament. Functions and Powers of CIC: It can order inquiry into any matter if there are reasonable grounds. It can secure compliance of its decisions from the public authority. It can recommend steps to be taken for promoting such conformity, if public authority does not conform to provisions of RTI Act. It receives and inquire into a complaint from It examines any record which is under control of the public authority and which may be withheld from it on any grounds during the enquiry. While inquiring, it has powers of civil court.

27) India and Azerbaijan has signed protocol on trade and economic, science and technology cooperation. It was signed at 5th meeting of India-Azerbaijan Inter-Governmental Commission on Trade and Economic, Science and Technology Cooperation (IA-IGC) held on 11-12 October, 2018 in New Delhi. The meeting was co-chaired by Union Minister of Commerce & Industry and Civil Aviation Suresh Prabhu and Azerbaijan’s Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources Mukhtar Babayev. Highlights of meeting: Both counties exchanged views on current economic situation and reviewed current status of bilateral trade, investment and their cooperation in fields of trade, economy, science and technology. They also emphasised to further strengthen and expand their cooperation in trade and investment, energy and hydro-carbons, transportation, SMEs, agriculture, food safety and environmental protection, tourism, culture, health and pharmaceuticals, space technology, education and scientific research, chemicals and petrochemicals and mining. Both sides also felt that bilateral trade was far below potential and there is need to step up cooperation to enlarge trade basket and increase bilateral trade and investment. Currently trade turnover between India and Azerbaijan in January-August 2018 was US $657.9 million. Both sides also agreed to take measures to enhance trade relations and expand business relations between the two countries. They also decided to send trade delegations to raise awareness regarding economic developments and reforms in two countries and have regular exchange of information about trade exhibitions, fairs, conferences and other business events. They also agreed to convene next meeting of IA-IGC in Baku, capital of Azerbaijan.

28) Sikkim was awarded UN Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) Future Policy Gold Award (Gold Prize) for its achievement in becoming the world’s first totally organic agriculture state. Sikkim beat out 51 other nominees from around the world for the award. Policies from Brazil, Denmark and Quito (Ecuador) were joinlty Silver Awards. Future Policy Gold Award: The prizes honour exceptional policies adopted by political leaders who have decided to act, no longer accepting widespread hunger, poverty or environmental degradation. This award in nicknamed the “Oscar for best policies”. Previously it was honoured for policies combating desertification, violence against women and girls, nuclear weapons and pollution of the oceans. This year’s award based on central focus of agroecology policies and was co-organised by FAO, World Future Council (WFC) and IFOAM – Organics International. Agroecology has potential to increase farmers’ earnings and make farms more resilient to climate change as erratic rainfall and extended dry periods hamper food production. Background: Sikkim is first organic state in the world and all farmlands in the state are certified organic. State’s policy approach reaches beyond organic production and has proven transformational for its citizens. It primarily focuses socioeconomic aspects such as consumption and market expansion, cultural aspects as well as health, education, rural development and sustainable tourism. The policy implemented by state of organic farming has phased out chemical fertilisers and pesticides, and achieved total ban on sale and use of chemical pesticides in the state. The transition has benefitted more than 66000 farming families in state.: Transition to 100% organic state also has greatly benefited its tourism sector and numbers of tourists have increased by over 50% between 2014 and 2017. With this Sikkim has set excellent example for other Indian states and countries worldwide for successfully upscale agroecology. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO): It is specialised agency of UN that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Its parent organization is UN Economic and Social Council (UNESC). It was established on 16 October 1945 and its headquarters are in Rome, It has 194 member states, along with European Union (member organization).

29) Guadeloupean author Maryse Conde (81) was awarded New Academy Prize in Literature, an alternative award formed in protest to Nobel Literature Prize. She was selected from 47 authors who were nominated by Swedish librarians and voted on by nearly 33,000 people from around the world. Conde is author of some 20 novels, including Desirada, Segu and Crossing the Mangrove. She is considered as grand storyteller who belongs to world literature. Her writings mostly describes ravages of colonialism and post-colonial chaos in language which is both precise and overwhelming. New Academy Prize in Literature: New Academy Prize in Literature was formed by New Academy consisting of more than 100 Swedish writers, artists and journalists in protest to denounce what its founders called bias, arrogance and sexism of Swedish Academy, which selects Nobel laureates. The Swedish Academy was plunged into turmoil in 2017 over its ties to Frenchman Jean-Claude Arnault, who was jailed for two years in early October for rape after the scandal came into light as part of the #MeToo movement.Continue Reading W.B.C.S Current Affairs 13 October 2018 to 19 October 2018.

30) International Day for Disaster Reduction (IDDR) is observed every year on October 13 to promote a global culture of risk-awareness and disaster reduction. The observance of day seeks to encourage citizens and governments to take part in building more disaster resilient communities and nations. It also celebrates how people and communities around world are reducing their exposure to disasters and raising awareness about the importance of reining in risks that they face. It also seeks to spread awareness about reining risks of disasters around world and also reduce exposure of people and communities to disasters. The theme of 2018 International Day for Disaster Reduction was ‘Reducing Disaster Economic Losses’. It focuses on Target C of Sendai Framework, which aims at ‘reducing disaster economic losses in relation to global GDP by 2030’. Background: UN General Assembly (UNGA) in 1989 had instituted International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction. to promote a global culture of risk-awareness and disaster reduction. Earlier, this day was celebrated annually on the second Wednesday of October. But in 2009, the UNGA formally designated 13 October and changed its name to International Day for Disaster Reduction by adopting Resolution 64/200. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015-30: SFDRR is an international Treaty that was approved by UN member states in March 2015 at Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan. It is voluntary and non-binding treaty which recognizes that UN member State has primary role to reduce disaster risk. It has framework for 15-year (2015 to 2030). It calls for sharing the responsibility with other stakeholders including local government, the private sector and other stakeholders. It is successor of the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005–2015), which had been the most encompassing international accord on disaster risk reduction.

31) Malaysia’s Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad has agreed to abolish death penalty for all crimes and halt pending executions. This decision was taken in pursuance of strong domestic opposition to colonial practice for being barbarous and unimaginably cruel which has put terrible stain on the country’s human rights record. It is also in line with move away from capital punishment in the rest of the world. Key Facts: Currently capital punishment in Malaysia is mandatory for murder, kidnapping, possession of firearms, treason and drug trafficking, among other crimes. The death penalty in Malaysia is exclusively carried out by hanging and has been legacy of British colonial rule. More than 1200 people are on death row in Malaysia. Background: At present, the sentence of death penalty has been abolished in 103 countries, while penalty of capital punishment is still in 56 countries. There are still provisions for capital punishment in countries like China, India, America, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan and Sri Lanka. United Nations General Assembly passed the resolution in 62nd session in 2007 to impose universal restrictions on the death penalty.

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