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W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Zoology – GERL And Its Functions.
WBCS ২০১৮ মেইনস প্রশ্নের উত্তর -প্রাণিবিদ্যা -GERL এবং এর কার্যাদি।
1) What is GERL? State its functions.
The GERL is a complex comprised of organelles, particularly Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosome. These organelles form a system to carry out the following cellular processes.Continue Reading W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Zoology – GERL And Its Functions.
- endocytosis of external materials.
- exocytosis of internal substances.
- synthesizing or recycling of materials, and removal of wastes.
The Golgi apparatus is the organelle referred to as the package center of the cell since its main function is to package molecules for secretion. It sorts out the proteins secreted by the endoplasmic reticulum into packages to be sent to the appropriate destination. The Golgi apparatus may modify the protein by adding sugar to produce glycoprotein through glycosylation. The glycoprotein that is bound to be transported outside the cell will be excreted as vesicles. If the glycoprotein is for later use, it may be stored in vesicles within the cell (as lysosomes).
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of flattened sacs in which the membranes are connected to the nuclear membrane. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum, i.e. rough (RER) and smooth (SER). The RER is involved in protein synthesis and secretion whereas the SER is involved in lipid synthesis, drug detoxification, intracellular transport, etc.
The lysosome is an organelle with a wide range of digestive enzymes. The digestive enzymes are used mainly for the digestion and removal of excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
THE “GERL”
THE “GERL” Acronym “GERL“: Golgi – Endoplasmic Reticulum – Lysosomal complex structures constitutes of a discrete system distinctive cytochemical and morphological features and special functions. systems relations to the Golgi apparatus and the idea that it is the source of lysosomes.
FUNCTION
FUNCTION 1. Process endocytosed and synthesized materials. 2. “Ingest” (endocytose via phagocytosis and pinocytosis) external substances and “Excrete” (exocytose) internal substances. 3. Provide for the processing, recycling and removal of wastes from the cell.
GOLGI APPARATUS :
GOLGI APPARATUS It is composed of membrane-bound stacks known as cisternae. The cisternae stack has five functional regions: Cis -Golgi network,cis Golgi,medial Golgi,trans Golgi and trans Golgi network. Vesicles from ER fuse with cis Golgi network and progress through the stack to the trans Golgi network,where they are packaged and sent to the required destination.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM :
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Endoplasmic reticulum is an extensive membrane network of cisternae (sac-like structures) held together by the cytoskeleton. The phospholipid membrane encloses a space, the cisternal space (or lumen), from the cytosol, which is continuous with the perinuclear space. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum depends on the exact type of endoplasmic reticulum and the type of cell in which it resides. The three varieties are called rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
LYSOSOMES :
LYSOSOMES Membrane bound vesicles comprises of- Digestive system Excretory system They may contain concentrated lytic enzymes.
TYPES OF VESICLES FOUND IN CELLULAR LYSOSOMAL SYSTEMS :
TYPES OF VESICLES FOUND IN CELLULAR LYSOSOMAL SYSTEMS Pinosomes Phagosomes Small transport vesicle Secretion vesicle
Trans Golgi Network :
Trans Golgi Network TGN is considered to include regions where sialyl transferase is present along with acid phosphatase. Enzymes like membrane proteins, Golgi enzymes,secretory products all are present. Names like TGN( or trans Golgi reticulum) are suggested for GERL.
Transport of proteins :
Transport of proteins Secretory proteins, mostly glycoproteins, are moved across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Proteins that are transported by the endoplasmic reticulum and from there throughout the cell are marked with an address tag called a signal sequence. The N-terminus (one end) of a polypeptide chain (i.e., a protein) contains a few amino acids that work as an address tag, which are removed when the polypeptide reaches its destination. Proteins that are destined for places outside the endoplasmic reticulum are packed into transport vesicles and moved along the cytoskeleton toward their destination.
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