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1. In the recently released bi-annual Logistics Performance Index (LPI) 2016 of World Bank Group, India ranked 35th among 160 countries. The index was published in the World Bank bi-annual report ‘Connecting to Compete 2016: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy’. For the third time, Germany has topped in LPI. Key facts Top 5 countries in 2016 LPI: Germany (score: 4.23 points), Luxembourg (4.22), Sweden (4.20), Netherlands (4.19) and Singapore (4.14). India related facts: In the 2016 report, India has increased its LPI score to 3.42 compared to LPI score of 3.08 in 2014. In 2016 edition of LPI, India has improved its ranking by jumping 19 positions compared to 54th rank in 2014 LPI. Improvement in India’s ranking demonstrates Union Government’s commitment to make it easy to do business in India. Note: The LPI analyses countries across six components. They are (i) quality of trade and transport infrastructure, (ii) competence and quality of logistics services, (iii) efficiency of customs and border management clearance, (iv) ease of arranging competitively priced shipments, (v) ability to track and trace consignments and (vi) frequency with which shipments reach consignees within scheduled or expected delivery times.

2. India was ranked low at 105th position out of 130 countries globally on the 2016 Human Capital Index (HCI), which was recently released in the World Economic Forum (WEF) report. The report was released by Geneva-WEF in the Chinese city of Tianjin at its Annual Meeting of New Champions which is also known as `Summer Davos’ summit. Key Facts Top 10 Countries in 2016 HCI: Finland (1st position), Norway (2nd), Switzerland (3rd), Japan (4th), Sweden (5th), New Zealand (6th), Denmark (7th), Netherlands (8th), Canada (9th) and Belgium (10th). India’s Neighbours: Sri Lanka (50th), China (71st), Bhutan (91st), Bangladesh (104th), Nepal (108th) and Pakistan (118th). Among BRICS countries: India is ranked lowest as against Russia (28th), China (71st), Brazil (83rd) and South Africa (8th). In the 2015 edition of HCI, India had ranked 100th out of total 124 countries. India related: India has got better rankings HCI’s indicators such as quality of education system (39th), staff training (46th) and ease of finding skilled employees (45th). India is the second largest country in the global distribution of tertiary degree holders share at nearly 78 million after China (2.5 million) in STEM subjects (science, technology , engineering and mathematics). India’s concern: India has optimised just 57% of its human capital endowment. Its youth literacy rate is still only 90% (103rd in the world). In case of labour force participation, India ranks low as it has world’s largest employment gender gaps (121st). About Human Capital Index The Human Capital Index measures countries’ ability to nurture, develop and deploy talent for economic growth. It is based on 46 indicators about how well countries are developing and deploying their human capital, focusing on education, skills and employment. The WEF report of HCI presents an analysis by focusing on a number of key issues that can support better design of education policy and future workforce planning.

3. Telecom-to-energy conglomerate Reliance Industries (RIL) and India’s largest lender State Bank of India (SBI) have signed Subscription and Shareholders’ Agreement to set up payments bank. As per the agreement, RIL will be the promoter with a 70 per cent equity contribution in the payments bank and SBI as joint venture will have 30 per cent equity contribution.

4. President Pranab Mukherjee on Friday presented the Dr BC Roy national awards for 2008, 2009 and 2010 at Rashtrapati Bhavan. These awards were presented on the occasion of National Doctors’ Day observed on July 1 to pay honour and tribute to India’s most famous physician Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy. The awardees are 2010: Nikhil C. Munshi, O.P. Kalra, Tejinder Singh, Subash Gupta, Amrinder Jit Kanwar, Rajendra Prasad and Glory Alexander. 2009:H. Sancheti, Renu Saxena, Atul Kumar, A.K. Kriplani, Kanan A. Yelikar, H.S. Bhanushali, G.V. Rao, Moti Lal Singh, C.N. Purandare and C.V. Hari Narayan. 2008: Rajeshwar Dayal, Mammen Chandy, Neelam Mohan, Rohit V. Bhatt, Mohan Kameswaran, Harsha Jauhari, Gopal H. Badlani and Yash Gulati. About BC Roy Awards The BC Roy Awards were instituted by the Medical Council of India in 1976 in memory of renowned physician and former West Bengal Chief Minister Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy. They are bestowed annually in the following categories: Statesmanship of the Highest Order in India, Eminent Medical Person, Medical man-cum-Statesman, Eminent person in Philosophy, Eminent person in Arts and Eminent person in Science.

5. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has inked a MoU with Advertising Standard Council of India (ASCI) to check misleading advertisements in the food and beverages sector. This partnership between FSSAI and ASCI will put in place a mechanism to monitor misleading advertisements. It will also lead to streamlining advertisements effectively through structured guidelines and appropriate action.

6. India’s largest food products marketing organization Amul has become the official sponsor of Indian contingent to the 2016 Rio Olympics. In this regard, Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), which sells its product under the brand Amul has inked an agreement with Indian Olympic Association (IOA). Key Facts By sponsoring Indian contingent, Amul seeks to engage with youth and leverage the connection between the energy of milk and sports. In this regard, GCMMF will launch a series of advertising campaigns for milk and various dairy products to promote this association. Amul will use its famous tagline, Amul Doodh Pita hai India to cheer the Indian contingent. It also has embarked upon an “Eat Milk with Every Meal” campaign to highlight the importance of milk and dairy products like cheese, yogurt, butter, ghee, paneer, etc. Earlier, Amul also had sponsored the Indian contingent in the last edition of 2012 London Olympics games. 2016 Rio Olympics will play host to the largest Indian contingent ever in which more than 100 sports persons are taking part in different sporting events.

7. The first squadron of indigenously designed and manufactured Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas was inducted into Indian Air Force (IAF). State-run Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) handed over the first two Tejas aircrafts to IAF as part squadron at the Aircraft System Testing Establishment in Bengaluru. Key Facts The first squadron of LCA Tejas has been named as ‘Flying Daggers’. Its base will be located in Sulur, Tamil Nadu. It will have total 20 aircrafts, including 4 trainers. However, the two aircrafts will be operated initially by the squadron at Bengaluru for nearly two years. Remaining 18 aircraft including 4 trainers will be inducted at Sulur base in 2018. About LCA Tejas Tejas is a single-engine lightweight multi-role fighter jet. It has been pegged as world’s smallest and lightest supersonic fighter. It is outcome of India’s LCA programme, which began in the 1983 to replace country’s aging MiG-21 fighters. It is a tailless and having compound delta wing design. It is powered by a single engine. It is mounted with inbuilt MultiMode Radar (MMR), Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) systems. It is equipped with a quadruplex digital fly-by-wire flight control system in order to ease handling by the pilot. LCA Tejas has a limited reach of a little over 400-km. It will be mainly used for close air-to-ground operations. Note: LCA Tejas is not the first indigenous fighter to be inducted into the IAF. In April 1967, IAF had formed the first operational squadron with the indigenous HF-24 Marut fighter.

8. India’s first integrated Defence Communication Network (DCN) was launched by Union Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar in South Block, Delhi The network will enable India Army, Air force, Navy and the Special Forces Command to share situational awareness for a faster decision-making process.

9. Renowned Marathi literary scholar Dr. Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere passed away after prolonged illness in Pune, Maharashtra. He was 86. He was an Insightful scholar who had unraveled the Cultural linkage between the past and the present through his path-breaking literally research on various subjects.

10. The Union Railway Ministry has launched Nivaran portal, an online system for redressal of service related grievance of serving and former Railway employees. It was launched by Union Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu at function held in Rail Bhawan, New Delhi.

11. The Union Human Resource Development (HRD) Ministry has launched ‘Prashikshak’- an online teacher education portal for District Institutes of Education and Training (DIETs). The Prashikshak portal was launched by the Union HRD minister Smriti Irani in New Delhi. It seeks to strengthen DIETs and bring quality teachers into the school education system.

12. The World Bank (WB) Group has signed an agreement with the International Solar Alliance (ISA) to provide more than 1 billion dollars to support India’s solar initiatives. The agreement was signed in the presence of World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim, Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley and Union Power Minister Piyush Goyal in New Delhi. Under this agreement World Bank will support projects such as solar rooftop technology, infrastructure for solar parks, introducing innovative solar and hybrid technologies to market and transmission lines for solar-rich state. It will provide 625 million dollars to India’s grid-connected rooftop solar programme that will finance the installation of at least 400MW of solar photovoltaic installations. This programme will provide clean, renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions by displacing thermal generation. World Bank will also collaborate with the 121-member International Solar Alliance (ISA) to mobilise 1 trillion dollars in investments by 2030 to promote solar energy worldwide. For this purpose, World Bank will develop a roadmap to mobilise financing for development and deployment of affordable solar energy. It will also work with other multilateral development banks and financial institutions to develop financing instruments to support solar energy development. About International Solar Alliance (ISA) ISA is India’s first international and inter-governmental organization comprising of 121 Countries. United Nations is its Strategic Partner. It was jointly launched by India and France in November 2015 during the United Nations climate change conference (COP21) in Paris. It has its headquarters in Gurgaon, India. It seeks to empower solar-rich countries located between the tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn to make collaborative efforts to harness solar energy to generate the electricity. Three Objectives of ISA: (i) To force down prices by driving demand, (ii) To bring standardization in solar technologies and (iii) To foster research and development. It also seeks to improve access to energy and opportunities for better livelihoods in remote and rural areas and also to increase the standard of living.

13. Argentina women’s team has won the 2016 Champions Trophy title of Hockey by defeating Netherlands. In the final match played at the Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre in London, UK, Argentina women’s team defeated Netherlands by 2-1 goals. With this victory, Argentina women’s team has won the Champions Trophy title of Hockey for record seventh time. Earlier they had won it in 2001, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2014. In 2016 title, goals Argentinean team were scored by Martina Cavallero and Noel Barrionuev. For the Netherlands team single goal was scored by Maartje Paumen. Final standings in Champions Trophy title: Argentina (1st position), Netherlands (2nd), United States (3rd), Australia (4th) and Great Britain (5th). Individual Awards Best player: Carla Rebecchi (Argentina) Best junior player: Maria Granatto (Argentina) Best goalkeeper: Joyce Sombroek (Netherlands)

14. Scientists for the first time have found clear evidence that the thinning in the ozone layer above Antarctica is starting to heal. Ozone layer in the atmosphere’s stratospheric layer comprises of Ozone (O3), an allotrope of oxygen. It plays important role in blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the Sun. The absence or thinning of Ozone layer increases the chances of skin cancer, cataract damage in human beings and even causes harm to animals and plants. Key Findings In the research, scientists have found that ozone hole was around 4 million square kilometres in September 2015, smaller than it was in the year 2000. It was based on detailed measurements of the amount of ozone in the stratosphere between 2000 and 2015. These measurements were based on data obtained from weather balloons, satellites and model simulations. The healing of ozone layer was due to the long term phasing out (banning) of ozone-destroying chemicals (ODCs) such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in Montreal Protocol 1987. More than half the shrinkage of ozone hole was due solely to the reduction in atmospheric chlorine. However, it has found that on the role of volcanoes in thinning of the ozone layer is making the problem worse.

15. The medium range surface-to-air missile missile (MR-SAM) developed jointly by India and Israel was successfully test-fired. During the test, the missile was launched from a mobile launcher in the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur, Odisha. After getting signal from the radars, the missile successfully intercepted a moving aerial target supported by unmanned air vehicle (UAV) ‘Banshee’. Key Facts The MR-SAM has been developed jointly by Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), a laboratory of the DRDO in collaboration with Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). The missile consists of Multi-Functional Surveillance and Threat Alert Radar (MF-STAR) system for detection, tracking and guidance. The MR-SAM has strike ranges from 50 to 70 km. Once inducted into Indian Armed forces, it will provide the users capability to neutralise any aerial threats. Earlier in December 2015, Indian Navy had successfully test launched the long range surface-to-air missile (LR-SAM), also developed with Israel’s assistance. The test was undertaken on the Western Seaboard by INS Kolkata.

16. The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) has launched long-term monitoring studies project to document the effect of climate change on animal biodiversity in five Himalayan states. These five Himalayan states are Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. Key Facts Under the project, ZSI will monitor indicators in species like butterflies, bees, fish and other insects to find how their distribution has been affected by climate change. The project has been funded by the Union Ministry for Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). The duration of the project is for three years. To study the effect of climate change on animal biodiversity latest technologies such as GIS mapping and bioinformatics will be used. The collected data on the distribution of species will be compared with the old records available with ZSI. It will help to depict the impact of climate change on their survival. About Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) ZSI is the apex institution on animal (fauna) taxonomy in India. Established: 1 July 1916. 2016 is the centenary year of ZSI. Headquarter: It also has 16 regional centres located in different parts of the country. Objective: To promote the survey, exploration, research and documentation on various aspects of animal taxonomy in the Indian subcontinent. It also seeks advancement of knowledge on animal taxonomy. Functions under: Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC). It activities are coordinated by the Conservation and Survey Division of MoEFCC. It has been declared as the designated repository for the National Zoological Collection as per section 39 of the National Biodiversity Act, 2002 Activities Undertaken: Study of the fauna of states, of conservation areas, of important ecosystems. Status survey of endangered species, fauna of India and ecological Studies & Environmental impact assessments. ZSI publishes Red Data Book on Indian Animals. It was first published in 1983 and is similar to Red Data Book published by IUCN.

17. The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the National Mineral Exploration Policy (NMEP). The NMEP primarily aims at accelerating the exploration activity in the country through enhanced participation of the private sector. Key Facts The policy seeks to uncover full mineral potential in order to put the nation’s mineral resources (non-fuel and non-coal) to best use and maximize sectoral contribution to the Indian economy. It emphasizes on making available baseline geoscientific data of world standards in the public domain, quality research in a public-private partnership (PPP). It also seeks to pave way for the special initiatives for search of deep-seated and concealed mineral deposits. It also seeks to undertake quick aerogeophysical surveys of country and creation of dedicated geoscience database etc. The Union Ministry of Mines will carry out auctioning of identified exploration blocks for exploration by private sector. It will be done on the revenue sharing basis in case their exploration leads to auctionable resources. The revenue will be borne by the successful bidder of those auctionable blocks.

18. The Union Cabinet has considered the Model Shops and Establishment (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Bill, 2016. The Bill will be sent to States/UTs so that they will be able to modify their individual Acts, if they so desire. The States/UTs can either adopt the Bill as it is or modify its provisions as per their requirements. Key features of the Bill Provides freedom to the establishment to operate 365 days and also their opening/closing time. Covers only establishments employing ten or more workers under it ambit. It does not cover manufacturing units. Permits women during night shift, if the establishments have provisions of shelter, rest room, ladies toilet, transportation and adequate protection of their dignity etc. Does not allow discrimination against women in the matter of recruitment, training, promotions or transfer. Empowers Government to make rules regarding adequate measures to be taken for the safety and health of workers by the employer. Establishing a simplified one common online Registration procedure. Provision of clean and safe drinking water in the establishments. Provisions for common creche, lavatory, first aid and canteen by group of establishments. It will be applicable in case not possible for individual establishment due to constraint in space or otherwise. Compulsory provisions of five paid festival holidays in addition to national holidays etc. Provides exemption to highly skilled workers from daily working hours of 9 hours and weekly working hours of 48 hours. However, this provision is to subject to maximum 125 over-time hours in a quarter for the skilled workers. In this case skilled workers may be workers employed in Biotechnology, R&D and IT division. Comment This model Bill will bring uniformity in the legislative provisions for making it easier for all the States to adopt it. It will ensure uniform working conditions across the country and also facilitate generation of employment opportunities and ease of doing business. It will also allow shops, malls and cinema halls, among other establishments to run 24×7 throughout the year.

19. China has successfully launched its second Shijian-16 series satellite for space research and experiments. The first Shijian-16 satellite was launched in October 2013. The satellite was launched on board of Long March-4B rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in Jiuquan, northwest China’s Gansu Province. It was the 231st by a Long March rocket. Key Facts The second Shijian-16 satellite will be used for space environment measurements and technology testing. It will mainly probe the space environment, radiation and its effects and also record space physical environment parameters and conduct other related space experiments.

20. Four Indian-Americans have been honoured with prestigious Great Immigrants: The Pride of America Award 2016. They are among 42 distinguished US personalities representing more than 30 countries of origin around the world honoured with this year’s award. All of these personalities represent a wide range of personal immigration stories, and inspiring professional accomplishments. Four Indian-Americans are Sunder Pichai: He is CEO of internet search engine giant Google. Hari Sreenivasan: He is broadcast journalist associated with the PBS NewsHour. Vikram Malhotra: He is associated with McKinsey. Bharati Mukherjee: He is award-winning author. She is professor emerita in the department of English at the University of California, Berkeley.

21. Renowned sculptor and painter KG Subramanyan passed away in Vadodara, Gujarat following a brief illness. He was 92. He was multifaceted artist credited with being one of the pioneers of Indian modern art and was also a freedom fighter. About K G Subramanyan Born in 1924 in Kerala. He was a socialist and Gandhian throughout his life. In his career as an artist spanning over six decades he had been a painter, sculptor, muralist and print maker besides an author of children’s books. He was renowned for his terracottas, outdoor murals and toys and also experimented with weaving. In the 1970s, he began experimenting with reverse painting. It was an 18th century craft tradition where a rtist paints on a sheet of glass and reverses glass to view the final image. He was also an art historian and his works forms a significant document of Indian art history. He was a professor at various times at Faculty of Fine Arts at MS University, Baroda and also in Kala Bhavan (Santiniketan) from where he retired in 1989. During freedom struggle he was actively involved and underwent imprisonment for a short period during the Quit India movement. Awards and Honours: Padma Vibhushan (2012), Padma Bhushan (2006) and Padma Shri (1975).

22. Rodrigo Duterte was sworn in as the 16th President of Philippines. He will have tenure of six years. He was administered oath to the office by the Supreme Court justice at the Malacanang presidential palace

23. Indigenously-built heavyweight anti-submarine torpedo Varunastra has been successfully inducted in the Indian Navy. With this India becomes one of the eight countries in the world to have the capability to design and build such anti-submarine torpedo system. Key Facts The Varunastra torpedo has been developed by Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL), a premier laboratory of DRDO. It weighs around 1.25 tonnes and carries about 250 kg of explosives at a speed of around 40 nautical miles an hour. It has almost 95% indigenous content. It is capable of targeting stealthy and quiet submarines, both in deep and littoral waters in intense counter-measure environment. It has advanced autonomous guidance algorithms with low drift navigational aids, insensitive warhead which can operate in various combat scenarios. It has integrated instrumentation system for recording its all the dynamic parameters in case of emergency shut down or malfunction. It has a GPS-based locating aid which is a unique feature in contemporary torpedoes in the world. The torpedo can be launched from Delhi, Kolkata, Teg, Talwar and Kamorta classes of warships. Torpedo: It is a self-propelled weapon with an explosive warhead. It is launched above or below the water surface and propelled underwater towards a target. It is designed to detonate either on contact with its target or in proximity to it.

24. The National Statistics Day is being observed every year on 29 June to create public awareness among people about the importance of statistics in daily life and in the process of planning and development. 2016 is the tenth edition of National Statistics Day. Significance of the Day: It is celebrated annually on the occasion of Birth anniversary of India’s eminent statistician Late Prof Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis. It also commemorates the contributions made by PC Mahalanobis in the fields of statistics and economic planning. 2016 Theme: “Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare”. The Union Ministry of Statistics Programme Implementation had organised main function for the celebration day at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.

25. The Union Cabinet has approved signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India and Tanzania for bilateral cooperation in water resources management and development. Under this MoU, the areas of enhanced cooperation include techniques in water harvesting, groundwater and surface management and development and aquifer recharge. Provisions in the MoU Collaboration and sharing of expertise in the field of water resources will benefit both counties in techniques in water conservation and management. Union Government shall encourage the exchange of experts, study tours, training programs and other such activities including demonstrative pilot studies to build capacities. A Joint Working Group between both countries will be formed to monitor the activities under the MoU.

26. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has elected Ethiopia, Bolivia, Sweden and Kazakhstan as the non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). These newly-elected countries will have two-year term starting from 1 January 2017 till 31 December 2018. They will replace Spain, Malaysia, New Zealand, Angola and Venezuela. The voting for these countries in the UNGA was conducted by secret ballot in which members of the UNGA had voted. Key Facts Bolivia (183 votes) and Ethiopia (185 votes) were chosen from Group of Latin America and the Caribbean and Africa region respectively. Sweden (134 votes) won from the Group of Western Europe. Kazakhstan won from the Group of Asia Pacific against Thailand. About United Nations Security Council (UNSC) UNSC is one of the five principal organs of the United Nations (UN). It is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the UN and approving any changes to its UN Charter. Powers: (i) establishment of peacekeeping operations, (ii) establishment of international sanctions, (iii) authorization of military action through UNSC resolution. It is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. Members: It consists of five permanent, veto-wielding members – China, Russia, France, UK and US along with 10 non-permanent members. The non-permanent seats are allocated according to a rotation pattern set by the UNGA in 1963, to ensure a proportionate representation over time from different parts of the world. Of the 10 members, 5 are from African and Asian states, 1 from Eastern European states, 2 from Latin American states and 2 from Western European and Other states.

27. The Union Government has appointed NS Vishwanathan as deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). His appointment was approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) presided by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi. NS Vishwanathan will shall have term will be for three years and will succeed Harun R Khan, who will superannuates on July 7, 2016 on turning 62.

28. The Assam Government has granted district status to Majuli, a 400 square kilometres island in the Brahmaputra River. With this it becomes India’s first island district. Decision in this regard was taken by the state cabinet meeting presided by Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal in Guwahati. With this erosion-troubled Majuli island will become the 34th district of Assam. Earlier it was sub-division of Jorhat district. About Majuli island Geographical occurrence: The fluvial riverine island is formed by the Brahmaputra river system. It is the world’s largest mid river delta (island) system. The island is surrounded by Subanisri River in the North, main Brahmaputra River on the South and kherkatia Suli, split channel of Brahmaputra River in northeast. People and Culture: Majuli island is mostly inhabited by Mishing tribal people. It has been the hub of Assamese neo-Vaishnavite culture initiated by saint-reformer Srimanta Sankardeva in 15th century. The island had some 65 satras (monasteries adhering) to Vaishnavism. But large numbers of them were relocated to the mainland after being washed away. The main surviving satras include Garamurh, Dakhinpat, Kamalabari, Auniati and Bengenaati. Flora and Fauna: Majuli island is a rich environmental hotspot harbouring. It is home of many rare and endangered avifauna species including migratory birds. Erosion: Due to erosion of river-bank of the island it has shrunk from about 1250 sq km in 1891 to about 515 sq km.

29. Naga leader and founder of Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah), Isak Chisi Swu passed away in Delhi. He was 86. As a Naga leader he had led one of the worst insurgencies in the North-East India for almost three decades. About Isak Chisi Swu Swu belonged to the Sumi tribe and hailed from Nagaland’s Zunheboto district. He along with Thuingaleng Muivah had formed the NSCN (IM) in 1980. They had formed NSCN (IM) in as an opposition to the Shillong Accord signed by the then Naga National Council (NNC) with the Union Government for bringing peace to Nagaland. He was considered as the main person behind Naga peace pact (Framework Agreement) signed with Union Government in August 2015 to find a permanent solution to the vexed Naga issue. NSCN (IM) is the largest group representing the Nagas. For decades it has been demanding a Greater Nagalim or a contiguous land for the Nagas, spanning Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. NSCN (IM) has been accused of indulging in killings, extortion and other subversive activities in the North East region.

30. The CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CSIR-CIMFR) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with coal supplying companies and power utilities for quality analysis of coal supplied. The MoU was signed in presence of Uniin Science and Technology and Earth Sciences Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan and Union Power Minister Piyush Goyal at a function in New Delhi. As per the MoU The CSIR-CIMFR would make use of its knowledgebase support in maintaining the quality of coal at national level for the entire power sector. About 300 million metric tons of estimated coal samples will be analyzed for quality per year. The contract value of the project is around 250 crore rupees per annum at minimum. This quality analysis project will result in improvement in performance of power plants besides help to leverage benefits to the consumer in particular and society as a whole. T It will also help nation to endeavour in sustainable energy supply and security planning for future as it may reduce import of thermal coal. About Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR) CIMFR is a constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), India’s largest research and development (R&D) organisation. It aims to provide R&D inputs for the entire coal-energy chain from mining to Consumption. It is based in Dhanbad, Jharkand.

31. Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a book titled “The Birds of Banni Grassland” in New Delhi. The book was presented to the Prime Minister by the scientists of Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE). The Birds of Banni Grassland is book based on environment and consists of a compilation of the research work, relating to more than 250 species of birds found in the Banni area of Kutch, Gujarat. About Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE) The GUIDE is located at Bhuj. For over 15 years it has been studying the plant, bird and marine life in the Rann of Kutch. GUIDE’s research activities are linked in the study of understanding and addressing environmental, ecological and social problems. It also seeks promoting sustainable development in arid and semi-arid regions of the state.

32. Sweden inaugurated a test stretch of an electric road in Sandviken to conduct tests with electric power for hybrid heavy transports on public roads. With this, Sweden becomes first country in the world to have electric road. The tests will be conducted on parts of road E16. Key Facts The tests will continue up through 2018 and will provide knowledge of how electric roads work in practice. The road E16 tests will involve a current collector on the roof of the hybrid heavy truck’s cab that will feed the current down to a hybrid electric motor in the truck. It will also check feasibility of whether the technology can be used in the future. These experimental tests are based on the Sweden’s goal of energy efficiency and a fossil fuel-free vehicle fleet by 2030. The project is being partially funded by Sweden’s three government agencies viz. Swedish Transport Administration, Swedish Energy Agency, and the country’s innovation agency Vinnova. The rest funding is provided by the private participants. Future Potentials: Bring one step closer to fossil fuel-free transport systems. It has the potential to achieve zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Provides a simple way for developing environmentally smart transport systems in the existing road networks.

33. Nagaland Government has launched women helpline “181” and “Sakhi-One Stop Centre”, an institute that supports women affected by violence. It was launched by the state Governor P B Acharya at the District Hospital Dimapur in Nagaland. Key Facts The helpline and centre aim to provide integrated assistance including medical, legal and psychological counselling to women affected by violence. The ‘Sakhi-One Stop Centre’ is a centrally sponsored scheme by the Union Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) to be funded through Nirbhaya Fund. Objectives of One Stop Centres (i) To provide integrated support and assistance to women affected by violence, both in private and public spaces under one roof (ii) Facilitate immediate, emergency and non-emergency access to a range of services to fight against any form of violence against women. 181 (Women Helpline): It will provide 24 hour emergency response to all women affected by violence, through referral by linking them with appropriate authorities such as Police, hospital or OSC. It will also provide information about women related government schemes and programmes across the country through a single uniform number -181.

34. The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India Shashi Kant Sharmahas been conferred with the honorary professorship by the Nanjing Audit University (NAU), China. China’s Nanjing Audit University is the only university which is recognized by the Institute of Internal Auditors.

35. History professor and political newcomer Gudni Johannesson (48) has won the 2016 Presidential election in Iceland. He will succeed Olafur Ragnar Grimsson, who served as President of Iceland for 20 years i.e. four five year terms as the head of state. Background In the 2016 Presidential election, as an independent Gudni Johannesson was able to secure 39.1% votes. He defeated Halla Tomasdottir, a businesswoman without party affiliation, who was able to secure 27.9% votes. While David the former conservative party Prime Minister and Central Bank Governor David Oddsson was placed third and he won just 13% votes.

36. Newly renovated and expanded Panama Canal was reopened by the Panamanian President, Juan Carlos Varela. After the launch a giant Chinese container ship Cosco become the first vessel to move via the newly-enlarged Panama Canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. The expanded Panama Canal will allow a new, much-larger generation of container ships to pass through the isthmus of Panama. About Panama Canal expansion project The Panama Canal expansion project was approved in October 2006 after it was favoured by the national referendum by a 76.8% majority. The project formally began in 2007 and was due to finish in 2014. But its completion was delayed by two years and it is estimated cost was $50 billion. Panama Canal expansion project is also called as the Third Set of Locks Project. The new lane of the canal runs for 77km. It doubles the existing capacity of the Panama Canal by adding a new lane of traffic allowing for a larger number of ships. It also increases the depth and width of the lanes and locks allowing much-larger generation of container ships to pass. It also has raised the maximum operating water level of Gatun Lake. Overall it will have a direct impact on economies of scale and international maritime trade. About Panama Canal The Panama Canal is an artificial 77 km waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a key conduit for international maritime trade. Strategically and economically it is one of the most important waterways in the world providing the shortest sea link between East Asia, North America and Europe. Its opening in 1914 had provided alternative route to lengthy sea voyage around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan. France had started work on the canal in 1881, but stopped it due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. Later US took over the project in 1904 and opened it in August 1914. The canal was taken over or completely nationalised by the Panamanian government in 1999. Now it is managed and operated by the Panamanian government-owned Panama Canal Authority.

37. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has launched BGR-34, an anti-diabetic ayurvedic drug designed for type 2 Diabetes mellitus. The anti-diabetic ayurvedic drug BGR-34 has been jointly developedby National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) and Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP). About BGR-34 BGR-34 works by controlling blood sugar and limiting the harmful effects and toxicity of other drugs. It contains 34 identified active phyto-constitutes from herbal resources. It has been economically priced at 5 rupees per tablet as compared to latest DPP4 inhibitors globally. About Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) CSIR is an autonomous body and the largest research and development (R&D) organisation in India. It was established in 1942. It operates as an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act of 1860. It is mainly funded by the Union Ministry of Science and Technology. CSIR’s R&D activities include aerospace engineering, ocean sciences, structural engineering, metallurgy, life sciences, chemicals, mining, food, petroleum, leather, and environment.

38. India became the 35th full member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). It would be mutually beneficial in the furtherance of international non-proliferation objectives. In this regard, Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar signed the instrument of accession to MTCR in New Delhi. It marks India’s first entry into any multilateral export control regime. India’s accession to the regime was conveyed by the MTCR Point of Contact in Paris through the French Embassy in New Delhi as well as Embassies of The Netherlands and Luxembourg. India was able to successfully enter this multilateral export control regime with the unopposed support of all 34 MTCR Partners. Earlier in 2015, India’s bid for the membership to the group had failed after it was blocked by Italy. Implications By becoming MTCR member, India will now be able to buy high-end missile technology and also can enhance its defence joint ventures with Russia. India’s inclusion to the MTCR will also strengthen its own export controls, which will in turn help it to justify transferring sensitive technology in front of other MTCR members. Further, it will pave way for India’s bid to become the member of Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG), Wassenaar Arrangement (dealing with conventional arms, dual-use goods and technologies) and Australia Group (dealing with chemical weapons). About Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) MTCR was established by G-7 countries in 1987. The aim of the MTCR is to restrict the proliferation of missiles, unmanned air vehicles (UAVs), complete rocket systems and related technology for those systems capable of carrying a 500 kilogram payload for at least 300 kms, as well as systems intended for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs).

39. The Union Government has appointed Sujoy Bose as the first Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF). His selection for the CEO of NIIF was recommended by a search-cum-selection committee under the chairmanship of Economic Affairs Secretary Shaktikanta Das.About National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) NIIF is India’s quasi sovereign wealth fund (SWF) formed to attract investment from both domestic and international sources for infrastructure development in the counry. It has been incorporated as a company under the Companies Act, 2013 and has been duly authorized to act as investment manager of the fund. The objective of NIIF is to maximize economic growth of the country mainly through infrastructure development in commercially viable projects (both greenfield and brownfield), including stalled projects. For the investment purpose, NIIF will solicit equity participation from strategic anchor partners. An initial budgetary allocation of 4000 crore rupees has also been made in 2016-17 Union Budget. However, Government will make further allocation when necessary.

40. Barcelona FC star Lionel Messi (29) has announced retirement from Argentinean Football team. However, he will continue to play his club football for FC Barcelona. He made this announcement after Argentina was defeated by Chile in the 2016 Copa America final in the penalty shootout by 4-2 score. He had missed the penalty in the final match. About Lionel Messi In his football career with Argentinean team, Lionel Messi had played four finals at different titles for his country. It includes 2014 World Cup final and three Copa America finals. He had made his senior international debut in 2005. He is Argentina’s all-time top scorer, with 55 goals from 113 match appearances. He plays at the forward position for Argentinean team and for the Spanish FC Barcelona. He is the only footballer to win five FIFA Ballons d’Or, four of which he had won consecutively. He also the first football player to win three European Golden Shoes. With Barcelona, he had won eight La Liga titles and four Champions Leagues. But with Argentinean Football team, his only major international honour was gold in 2008 Olympic.

41. The China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has approved first set of loans totalling US 509 million dollars to finance projects in four countries viz. Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia and Tajikistan. These loans for the four projects were approved in Board of Directors meeting of AIIB held at its headquarters in Beijing, China. Projects approved Bangladesh: US 165 million dollars loan for a Power Distribution System Upgrade and Expansion Project. Indonesia: US 216.5 million dollars loan for a National Slum Upgrading Project. It is expected to be co-financed with the World Bank. Pakistan: US 100 million dollars loan for Shorkot-Khanewal Section of National Motorway M-4. It will be co-financed with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID). Tajikistan: US 27.5 million dollars loan for the Dushanbe-Uzbekistan Border Road Improvement Project. It will be co-financed with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). These loans will have an interest rate of London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 1.15 % and a repayment period of 25 years with 5 years in grace period. These projects spanning in the energy, transport and urban development sectors will help to bridge the region’s critical infrastructure financing gap. It will also help to strengthen regional connectivity.

42. The International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is observed every year on June 26 to raise awareness of the major problem that illicit drugs. The day is also observed as an expression of United Nations’ (UN) determination to strengthen action and cooperation to achieve the goal of an international society free of drug abuse. 2016 theme: “Listen First”. The theme is an initiative to increase support for prevention of drug use that is based on science. It highlights the importance of effective investment in the well-being of children and youth, their families and their communities to fight problem of illicit drugs. Observances On this occasion, World Drug Report 2016 was also released by the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC). In India, Border Security Force (BSF) had organised a Cycle Rally in Punjab comprising 65 BSF personnel. The cycle rally aimed to spread the message of awareness against drugs as an utmost dedication to national security and awareness about physical fitness amongst the citizens and particularly among the youth. Background The day was officially instituted by UN after the United Nations general Assembly (UNGA) had passed resolution 42/112 in December 1987. The date, 26 June was chosen to commemorate Lin Zexu’s (Chinese scholar and official of the Qing dynasty) efforts of dismantling of the opium trade in Guangdong, China just before the First Opium War in China (1839–42).

43. Defending champion Chile won the 2016 Copa America Football tournament by defeating Argentina in a penalty shootout. In the final match played at MetLife Stadium, New Jersey (US) Chile defeated Argentina by 4-2 goals in the penalty shootout as in the regulation period both teams failed to score goal. This was second Copa America title won by Chile after winning it for the first title in 2015 after defeating Argentina. With this, Chile also became the first team to win the title back to back since 1947. Awards Golden Boot: Eduardo Vargas (Chile). Golden Ball: Alexis Sanchez (Chile). Golden Glove award: Claudio Bravo (Chile). Fair Play Award: About Copa America Football title The Copa America (means America Cup in Spanish and Portuguese) title is an international football competition. It is played between the men’s national football teams of South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). Since the 1990s, teams from Asia and North America also are participating. It is oldest international continental football competition established in 1916. The present tournament format was restructured in 1993 which involves 12 teams. These teams compete at venues in a host nation over a period of one month.

44. The Union Rural Development Ministry and ISRO, Department of Space have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for geo-tagging the assets created under MGNREGA in each gram panchayat. Annually around 30 lakh assets are created under the rural job schemes across the country. The MoU was signed after the Ministry had decided that the geo-tagging of such assets will be done on a mission mode to monitor rural development. Key Facts The asset created under MGNREGA and other schemes will be completely geo-tagged with photograph through Bhuvan Mobile Platform by Gram Rozgar Sahayak or Junior engineer. The geo-tagging of assets will help to check and curb leakages and for effective mapping of terrain for future developmental works. It will also help in using of modern space technology for rural development in planning and execution of projects in a transparent manner. Background Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had underlined the importance of online recording and monitoring of assets created under various schemes to check leakages and for effective mapping of terrain for future developmental works. It also had become necessary for online recording and monitoring of assets to ensure quality as huge amount of funds under the recommendations of 14th Finance Commission are now flowing through to Gram Panchayats which will in turn lead to poverty reduction in rural areas.

45. Noted Malayalam theatre doyen Kavalam Narayana Panicker passed away due age-related ailments in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. He was 88. He was dramatist, theatre director and poet. He had written over 26 Malayalam plays and had played a pioneering role in bringing idiom into Malayalam theatre.

46. Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the ‘Smart City Mission’ involving 83 projects from 20 different cities in the country. The ambitious mission of Union Government was launched at function held at Pune’s Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex one year after it was announced.

47. BrahMos Aerospace for the first time successfully demonstrated integration of the world’s most formidable supersonic cruise missile system BrahMos on the Sukhoi SU-30 MKI fighter aircraft. In this regard, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited’s (HAL) Nasik division conducted a test flight of a 2,500 kg supersonic BrahMos missile integrated with SU-30 MKI aircraft at its Nasik airport. With the successful integration of BrahMos missile system with Su-30 MKI aircraft Indian Air Force (IAF) became the first air force in the world in procession of a supersonic cruise missile system with a long range fighter aircraft. IAF also moved few steps closer towards actual test firing when a 2.5 tonnes supersonic BrahMos air-to-ground missile from the Su-30 MKI. Comment The powerful supersonic BrahMos missile will enable the IAF to penetrate deep inside the enemy territory to deliver a deadly blow to their vital installations from stand-off ranges. The Sukhoi-BrahMos combination will also help IAF to carry out air combat operations within and beyond visibility range. About BrahMos missile BrahMos supersonic cruise missile has been designed and developed by BrahMos Aerospace, a joint venture of India and Russia. Missile’s name has been derived from the names of two rivers, India’s Brahmaputra River and Russia’s Moskva River. Features: It has top supersonic speed of Mach 2.8 and is capable of carrying a warhead of 300 kilogram. It is two-stage missile, the first one being solid and the second one ramjet liquid propellant. It can strike a target at maximum range of 290 km.

48. Indian sprinter Dutee Chand has qualified for 2016 Rio Olympics in the women’s 100metre event scheduled to be held in August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dutee qualified for the Rio Olympics after meeting the qualification mark at 26th International Meeting G.Kosanov Memorial in Almaty, Kazakhstan. In this event, she clocked 11.30 seconds beating the Rio Olympics qualification mark of 11.32 secs.

49. Zubaida Bai, an Indian social entrepreneur, has been named among the ten ‘2016 Global Compact SDG Pioneers’, an initiative launched by UN.

50. South African Indian-origin lawyer Yasmin Sooka has been appointed to chairman of three member UN commission (committee) to monitor the human rights situation in South Sudan. The committee was constituted by the United Nations Human Right Council (UNHRC) resolution 31/20 which was adopted by consensus, the 47-member body.

51. People of United Kingdom (UK) in a historic Brexit referendum have voted in favour of leaving European Union (EU). In the Brexit referendum, the ‘Leave’ side won decisively by securing 51.9% of the total votes overturning ‘Remain’ side which secured 48.1% votes. This is the second referendum on UK’s relationship with the EU. In 1975, in a referendum on whether the UK should stay or leave the EU, the country voted for staying with 67.2% votes. After results were declared UK Prime Minister David Cameron, the architect of the referendum and a passionate supporter of UK within the EU, announced stepping down as Prime Minister in October 2016. What now? The vote to leave the EU now has triggered a two-year ‘withdrawal process’ which will determine the future of UK’s relationship with the EU. At the end of withdrawal process, UK exits the single market, then EU countries will start imposing tariffs on British products. Why UK wants to leave the EU? Many in the UK think that the EU has transformed a lot over the years. Since formation of EU, several countries have joined it and UK thinks that since then EU’s hold over everyday aspects of these countries has increased. Many think that Britain is shelling out billions of pounds every year in the form of EU fees without much gain in return. UK also thinks that EU’s some constraints have imposed many opposing rules on Britain’s business. What does UK’s exit means? Henceforth UK will be able to secure independent trade deals with important countries such as India, China and US. Thus, it can have a stronger influence for free trade and cooperation with other countries as in EU it was having independent influence. Now it will have control over wide areas like employment, health, law and safety and immigration policies. UK can also save billions of EU fees and use it for scientific researches and for building new industries. What critics believe? By leaving EU, UK would not be able to obtain better trade terms with other countries. It would face problems with different regulations of EU. Leaving EU will not help UK to reduce immigration as countries that trade with EU from outside have higher rated of immigration, including from EU countries. Other EU members may call for independent protectionism and ultra-nationalism which in recent times is getting hardened across the world. Impact on India UK’s exit from the EU will affect the flow of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in India over the short-medium term and the long term periods. In short-medium term period FDI may decrease temporarily and potentially led to financial instability and a legal regime overhaul. In the long-term FDI may fall. Many Indian information technology (IT) companies based in the UK with large work forces that offer services to Europe Union member countries will be hit.

52. Sri Lankan Parliament has unanimously passed the Right to Information (RTI) bill aimed at restoring transparency and good governance in the country. The RTI bill seeks to give citizens access to public information which is in the possession, custody or control of a public authority. Key Features of the bill The bill envisages setting up a 5 member RTI Commission and the appointment of information officers in every public authority to assist citizens who wish to obtain information. Under it ambit it is mandatory for public authority to duly catalogue, indexed and preserved all public records. Public authorities will also be required to preserve all their records in electronic format subject to the availability of resources. However, the bill has kept personal data, national security information, financial and commercial policy decisions, intellectual property and medical reports out of its ambit.

53. The Colombian government and the leftist FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) rebels have signed a historic ceasefire and disarmament agreement. It was signed in presence of Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, FARC leader Timoleon Jimenez and UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon at a ceremony held in Havana, Cuba. Key Facts The ceasefire and disarmament agreement is considered as one of the last steps toward ending a half-century conflict that has killed hundreds of thousands of people in Colombia. The deal puts a definitive end to fighting in Latin America’s longest civil war, which has torn Colombia apart with shootings and bombardments in its coca-rich jungles and hills. The ceasefire and disarmament agreement establishes a bilateral ceasefire and end to hostilities and the definitive laying down of arms. Under the agreement, the FARC rebels must hand over its weapons to United Nations monitors within six months. The FARC’s members (estimated to be around 7,000) will gather in “normalisation zones” for a demobilisation process. The sides also agreed to government action against “criminal organisations” blamed for fueling the conflict. About FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) FARC is Colombia’s largest rebel group and Latin America’s oldest left-wing insurgency. It was established in 1964 as a communist-inspired peasant army fighting to reduce the gulf dividing rich and poor and land reform for equality in the Andean country. Since its formation it was also active other Latin American countries in Venezuela, Panama and Ecuador besides Colombia. In recent times, the FARC had shifted from its original ideology and was active in illegal drug trade, kidnapping and extortion activities.

54. The scientists have developed d a microchip, named KiloCore that has 1000 independent programmable processors. The microchip is the world’s first 1,000-processor chip and has the highest clock-rate processor ever designed at the university level. Key Facts KiloCore microchip has been designed by a team scientist from the University of California, Davis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. It contain around 621 million transistors and was fabricated by tech giant IBM using their 32 nm (nanometre) CMOS technology. It is the most energy-efficient chip which has maximum computation rate of 1.78 trillion instructions per second. It can execute around 115 billion instructions per second by dissipating only 0.7 Watts of energy. Each core processor on the chip is independently programmable and runs an average maximum clock frequency of 1.78 GHz. It has potential to save energy when not needed as each processor is independently clocked and it can shut itself down. Applications: Wireless coding/decoding, Video processing and Encryption etc.

55. Mahasthangarh, the 3rd century BC archaeological site in Bogra, Bangladesh, has been declared as the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) cultural capital for the year 2016-17. As a SARRC cultural capital, the historic place will host festivals on literature, films, foods and dances from October 2016 to September 2017. Besides, the year 2016-17 has also be declared the SAARC Year of Cultural Heritage.