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1. Japan’s space agency (JAXA) successfully launched a Kounotori 6 (HTV-6) spacecraft that will deliver a large magnetic tether, a space junk collector technology into orbit. The spacecraft was launched on board of H-IIB rocket from Tanegashima Space Center. It was also carrying essential supplies for International Space Station (ISS). Key Facts The space junk collector (electromagnetic tether) will perform Kounotori Integrated Tether Experiments (KITE) in order to test out new technology. It is an experimental space scavenger that aims to study possibility of getting rid of space junk (debris) left into orbit by earlier space exploration missions. It has been designed by JAXA engineers in collaboration with Nitto Seimo Co., a Japanese fishing net company.

2. The Committee on Digital Payments headed by Ratan P. Watal has submitted its final report to the Union Finance Ministry. It was 11-member committee notified in August 2016 by the Finance Ministry. It was tasked to review existing payment systems in the country and recommend appropriate measures for encouraging Digital Payments. It was having representatives from Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), tax department and various industry bodies in the payments space. Recommendations The Committee has recommended medium term strategy for accelerating growth of Digital Payments in India.

3. According to the India Social Development Report (SDR) 2016, about 45% of all persons with disabilities (PWD) in India are illiterate. They remain illiterate mainly because of lack of support services. The theme for this edition of report was ‘Disabilities Rights Perspectives’. Key Highlights from report The number of PWDs in India are 26.8 million or 2.2% of the population. However, the World Bank estimates it is 4 to 8% of the population. Men formed 56% of the PWDs and 70% of the disabled population is in rural areas. Movement disability accounted for the largest number of PWDs in India. It was followed by hearing disability and visual impairment. 38% of all male PWDs were illiterate and the illiteracy rate was 55% for female PWDs. Whereas, India’s total literacy rate is 74 per cent. For each category of disability, a greater proportion of women in it are illiterate than men. 76% of women with multiple disabilities are illiterate. Interestingly, even in Kerala, which has near-total literacy, 33.1% of the PWDs were illiterate. It estimated one-third are children with disabilities of the 75 million children of primary school age are out of school. State governments must ensure availability of minimum support such as accommodation, assistive devices and transport for disabled children to complete their schooling. How the report was prepared? The report data was based on number of sources, including the census, National Sample Survey (NSS), data-sets of India Human Development Survey, and National Family Health Survey. Besides it also included the new data from fresh empirical studies.

4. The Rajasthan High Court has scrapped the Rajasthan Special Backward Classes (SBC) Reservation Act, 2015 that provided 5% quota to five communities, including Gujjars in jobs and education. The verdict was given on bunch of writ petitions challenging the 2015 Act on grounds of violation of Supreme Court mandated limit of 50% on reservation. HC Verdict State government had given the reservation illegally to five communities and declared SBC Reservation Act, 2015 and its notification unconstitutional. It has failed to consider Article 16(4B) of the Constitution, which forbids reservation exceeding 50%. In this case, Rajasthan High Court had used Supreme Court verdict pronounced in Indra Sahwney case (Mandal Commission) which had set ceiling of 50% in quotas. Background In September 2015, Rajasthan State Assembly had SBC reservation bill along with a separate Bill for giving 14% reservation to Economically Backward Classes (EBC). Both bills had received assent of Governor Kalyan Singh. The SBC Reservation Act had given 5% reservation to Gujjars, Banjara, Gadia Lohar, Raika and Gadariya communities in jobs and education. It was notified after the repeal of the controversial legislation of 2008 on the same subject. However, state government had not notified the law on EBC quota.

5. The Human Rights Day is observed annually on 10th December to commemorate the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Observance of the day seeks to encourage, support and amplify measures to be taken by everyone to defend human rights. 2016 Theme or campaign: “Stand up for someone’s rights today”. It aims to re-emphasise how important it is to live in peace and harmony, compassion and concern for each other’s rights with respect towards the idea of mutual co-existence. In run up to the celebration of Human Rights Day, National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) had organised a series of events. Background The Human Rights Day was formally established at the 317th Plenary Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on 4 December 1950. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was formally adopted and proclaimed by UNGA on 10 December 1948. It was adopted as shared standard yard stick to protect human rights across the globe. It recognizes inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of mankind as the foundation of justice, freedom and peace in the world.

6. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Law and Justice, has called for transparency in the appointments process on the part of the judiciary and the government. The committee was headed by Deputy Leader of the Opposition (Rajya Sabha), Anand Sharma. It has examined delay in filling vacancies in Supreme Court and High Courts. It has tabled its report in the Rajya Sabha and now it is under the purview of the Union Law Ministry. Recommendations Need of transparency in the appointments process on the part of the judiciary and the government, while ensuring the independence of the judiciary. Raising of the retirement age of Supreme Court judges to 67 from 65 and that of High Court judges to 65 from 62. Consideration of a fixed tenure for Chief Justices. Note: The recommendations of the committee are only advisory in nature and are not binding.

7. According to the 2016 Global Terrorism Index (GTI) India was ranked 7th among 163 countries in the list of most impacted by terrorism in 2015. The fourth edition of the index was released by Sydney-based think-tank Institute for Economics & Peace. India is one of six Asian countries ranked in the top 10 nations most impacted by terrorism. Global facts in 2016 GTI According to GTI 2016, Iraq was the worst hit by terror in 2015 followed by Afghanistan and Nigeria. Pakistan and Syria were ranked fourth and fifth respectively. Deaths from terror attacks globally declined 10%from the highest recorded level of 32,765 in 2014 to 29,376 in 2015. Economic loss from terrorism is $635 billion over 16 years from 2000 to 2015. This amount is equivalent to annual gross domestic product (GDP) of Egypt and Malaysia. The economic impact of terrorism, as a proportion of a country’s GDP, is highest in Iraq at 17.3%, followed by Afghanistan (16.8%) and Syria (8.3%). ISIS has overtaken its African affiliate Boko Haram as the world’s deadliest terrorist group in 2015. It expanded to 11 countries in 2015 from six in 2014. Since 2014, the loss has declined from a 16-year high of $106 billion to the second-highest level of $90 billion, at constant 2015 prices.

8. The tropical cyclonic storm Vardah over southeast Bay of Bengal is expected to hit Andhra Pradesh coast between Nellore and Kakinada. It is the third cyclonic storm of the season after Cyclone Kyant and Nada, that were formed during the Northeast Monsoon season. Formation It was created as depression (low pressure) over Andaman Sea and later slightly intensified further as cyclonic storm. The reason for the intensification can be attributed to warm sea surface temperatures of Bay of Bengal and longer sea travel. Since then, the tropical cyclonic storm Vardah has moved north-northwestwards with a speed of 10 kmph about 990 km southeast of Visakhapatnam and 250 km west-northwest of Port Blair. Intensification The system is very likely to intensify further into a severe cyclonic storm. However, there is possibility of slight weakening of the system before landfall. It may result into moderate rainfall at many places with isolated heavy falls over coastal Andhra Pradesh. Squally winds speed reaching 35-45 kmph gusting to 55 kmph would prevail over Andaman and Nicobar Islands & adjoining sea areas for some time. Fishermen have been advised not to venture into sea along and off Andaman Islands and off Andhra Pradesh coast and adjoining sea areas.

9. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has banned use of newspapers for wrapping and packing of food items. In this regard, FSSAI has issued an advisory all states and Union territories and asked commissioners of food safety to restrict the use of newspapers for packing, serving and storing of food items. This is first time in recent years FSSAI has issued new rule related to packaging of food items. So far, it had focused on setting standards for packaged food. Why this ban has been imposed? In India, use of newspapers for wrapping and packing of food items is a common practice followed by small corner shops and street vendors. However, it can cause serious health concerns due contaminate food items by newspaper ink. Printing ink used for printing newspapers may contain bioactive materials, harmful pigments, colours, additives, binders, preservatives, chemical contaminants and even pathogenic microorganisms that may pose potential risk to human health. Even newspaper or cardboard boxes made of recycled paper may be contaminated with mineral oils, metallic contaminants and harmful chemicals like phthalates which can cause digestive problems and also lead to severe toxicity. Older people, teenagers, children and people with compromised vital organs and immune systems are at a greater risk of acquiring cancer-related health complications after they are exposed to food items packed in such materials FSSAI: It is a nodal statutory agency responsible for protecting and promoting public health in India through the regulation and supervision of food safety. It was established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. It functions under aegis of Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.

10. The International Anti-Corruption Day (IACD) is observed annually on December 9 to raise public awareness of corruption and what people can do to fight it. Observance of the day aims to promote and strengthen measures to prevent and combat corruption more efficiently and effectively. It also highlights the role of the United Nations Convention against Corruption in combating and preventing it. 2016 Theme: “United against corruption for development, peace and security”. Background The UN General Assembly (UNGA) had designated December 9 as International Anti-Corruption Day by passing resolution 58/4 of October 31, 2003. It was adopted to raise people’s awareness of corruption and role of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) in combating and preventing it. The UNCAC is the first legally binding, international anti-corruption instrument that provides a chance to mount a global response to corruption.

11. India has been designated as a major defence partner of the United States. It puts India on a par with the closest allies and partners of the US. The agreement in this regard was reached between Union Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar and US Secretary of Defence Ashton Carter in New Delhi. It was one of the last visits from a cabinet member of the outgoing Obama administration. So far, US has bestowed this status upon the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) countries and the US treaty allies such as Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand and Philippines. National Defence Authorization Act (NDAA), 2017 India’s Major Defence Partner status has been made a part of the India Amendment in the National Defence Authorization Act (NDAA), 2017 of US. India will get formal official stamp on this status after this bill is passed by two chambers of the Congress House of Representatives and Senate before it receives assent of US President Barack Obama. Under the NDAA 2017, India will be included in conventional arms transfer policy, defence services, or related technology, inform the review of requests to export defence articles under the Arms Export Control Act. Significance The designation of this status is unique to India, a non-NATO ally of US. It institutionalizes the progress made by US to facilitate defence trade and technology sharing with India to a level at par with its closest allies and partners. It will facilitate US to transfer of advanced defence technology to India. It will also strengthen institutional effectiveness of US-India Defence Trade and Technology Initiative (DTII) and the durability of the India Rapid Reaction Cell in Pentagon. Background India was designated Major Defence Partner status during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to US in June, 2016. Since 2014 some major agreements were signed between India and US. It included Defence Framework Agreement in 2015, which laid a blueprint for collaboration between the defence establishments and the logistics support agreement Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA).

12. The Union Government has announced package of incentives and measures for promotion of digital and cashless economy in the country. It was announced to supplement the surge in the digital transactions aftermath demonetisation of old Rs.500 and Rs.1,000 notes for promotion of digital cashless economy and cutting out cash transactions. Key Provisions of Package Petroleum companies will offer a discount of 0.75% on diesel and petrol to consumers who pay through digital means. 0.5% discount will be given to people who will buy monthly seasonal tickets in the Suburban railway networks through digital payment mode. Passengers will get 10 lakh rupees free accident insurance cover on booking of Railway ticket through online mode. Payments through digital mode for railways catering, accommodation, retiring room will also attract 5% discount. People will be get 10% discount on General Insurance and 8% discount on new life Insurance policies of PSUs purchased online. Discount of 10% will be available to users for payment of toll at Toll Plazas on National Highways using RFID card and Fast Tags. Government departments and PSUs will ensure that transaction, MDR charges are not borne by customers for public dealings. NABARD will extend financial support to eligible banks for deployment of two Point of Sale (PoS) devices each in 1 Lakh villages with population of less than 10,000. NABARD will also support Rural Regional Banks (RRBs) and Cooperative Banks to issue Rupay Kisan Cards to over 4 crore 32 lakh Kisan Credit Card (KCC) holders to enable them to make digital transactions at ATMs and POS machines. Merchants will not pay more than 100 rupees monthly rental for PoS terminals, Micro ATMs and mobile POS from the merchants.

13. The 2016 India International Science festival (IISF) has started at CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) Campus in New Delhi. It was inaugurated by the Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh. The theme of the science festival is “Science for the masses”. Key Facts IISF-2016 has been organised by the Union Ministry of Science and Technology and Earth Sciences in association with Vijnana Bharati (VIBHA). The main aim is to promote the science and technology developed by the Indian research labs and to inculcate the scientific temper among masses. It also aims to encourage and develop scientific temper and attitude, promote exchange of knowledge and ideas among young minds. It will showcase recent developments and contributions of India in science and technology involving all our scientific departments. It will also showcase India’s S&T prowess, technological developments, history of Indian Science and science education involving more than 10000 young researchers, academicians and top level Indian scientists. Background The IISF as a major science event was conceptualized in 2016 and was organized for first time IISF at IIT, Delhi in December, 2015. It was visited by more than 4 lakh people and was a great success. It had won the distinction of Guinness Book of World Record for successful conduct of Largest Practical Science Lesson by 2000 school students.

14. Kerala Government has launched Haritha Keralam Mission, a comprehensive programme for creating new sustainable development perspectives in the state. It was launched by Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan in the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. Singer K.J. Yesudas and actor Manju Warrier are the mission ambassador. Key Facts The Haritha Keralam Mission is multidimensional development project focuses on water conservation, sanitation, environmental protection, and paddy cultivation. It aims to clear and remove waste from all water bodies in the state, ensure disposal of solid waste and removal of waste water and increase the area of land under cultivation It is a comprehensive program for creating new sustainable development perspectives in the state by maximum utilization of opportunities through waste management, water resources and agricultural development using organic farming. This is the first of the four mega missions planned by the LDF government. The health, housing and education missions will be launched subsequently.

15. Former US aviator, astronaut John Glenn passed away in Columbus, Ohio, US. He was 95. He last surviving member of the Mercury Seven Mission. He was first American to orbit Earth and had circled three times earth in 1962 aboard Friendship 7 space capsule. His achievement marked the moment in US space history as during that time it was caught up with the Soviet Union in manned space exploration. About John Glenn Born as John Herschel Glenn Jr. on July 18, 1921 in Cambridge, Ohio, US. Before gaining fame of orbiting world, he was a distinguished fighter pilot in World War II and Korean war. Later he joined America’s space agency NASA. He had joined Mercury 7, America’s first class of astronauts after setting the transcontinental flight speed record as a test pilot. On February 20, 1962, he flew the Friendship 7 mission and became the first American to orbit the Earth and the fifth person in space After returning to Earth, he was elected in 1974 as a Democrat to the US Senate, where he served for 24 years i.e. till 1999. In 1984, he failed to run for the Democratic presidential nomination. In 1998 – 36 years after his historic flight he became the oldest man to travel to space, at age 77. Awards and Honours: Inducted into the US Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1990. He was awarded NASA Distinguished Service Medal, Congressional Space Medal of Honor and Presidential Medal of Freedom (2012).

16. The Allahabad High Court has ruled that the practice of triple talaq (Talaq-e-bidat) among Muslims is unconstitutional and violates the rights of women enshrined in constitution. The order was passed by HC Justice Suneet Kumar while hearing a petition filed by a woman who claimed her husband arbitrarily divorced her. Besides, the High Court also held that No Personal Law Board is above the Constitution i.e. it was indirectly referring to All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB). What is the issue? Talaq-e-bidat is Muslim man divorcing his wife unilaterally by pronouncing the word ‘talaq’ thrice in one go. Thus, it is oral talaq pronounced for irrevocable instantaneous divorce at one go. Many activists say that this practice is not of Islamic origin. AIMPLB, a non-government organisation always has held that Talaq-e-bidat is integral part of Muslims and courts have no role to play in Personal Law as it falls under the Fundamental Right to practice religion. Supreme Court is also hearing a petition challenging the validity of triple talaq, as several individuals and NGOs have sought a ban on its practice. Even, the National Commission of Women (NCW) considers it “highly misused” custom and asked Government to scrap it to protect the rights of Muslim women. Why triple talaq should be abolished? The practice of ‘triple talaq’ has enabled husbands to divorce their wives arbitrarily and unilaterally, devoid of any substantiation. It impact adversely on the rights of women to a life of dignity. It also has been abolished in 21 Islamic theocratic countries including Pakistan. It is also against constitutional principles such as gender equality, secularism, international laws etc. Thus, it must be kept in mind that gender equality is a sacred principle of our constitution and modern society. So it is right time to make necessary changes. What is Government’s position? Recently Central Government in its affidavit submitted to Supreme Court held that the practice of Triple talaq is against the principles of gender equality, gender justice and dignity enshrined in the Constitution. It is not integral to the right to freedom of religion. It violates right to equality, non-discrimination on the grounds of sex and the right to live with dignity to women in par with men guaranteed in the Constitution.

17. English has been ranked first in the top 10 most powerful languages in the world according to the 2016 World Power Language Index (PLI). The index was published by World Economic Forum (WEF). Indian language Hindi was ranked 10th in the 2016 PLI. Key Facts According to the index there are over 6,000 languages spoken in the world. Of these 2,000 count fewer than 1,000 speakers. Moreover, just 15 languages account for half of the languages spoken in the world. English is dominant language of 3 G7 nations (USA, UK and Canada). Top 10 Languages in 2016 PLI: English (1st), Mandarin (2nd), French (3rd), Spanish (4th), Arabic (5th), Russian (6th), German (7th), Japanese (8th), Portuguese (9th) and Hindi (10th). The top six languages are official languages of the United Nations. The remaining 4 in the top 10 include two other BRIC languages (Portuguese and Hindi) and 2 of the economic heavyweights (Germany and Japan). Hindi is most primarily language spoken in India with a share of 41%. It is also the official language of Indian government. About World Power Language Index (PLI) The World Power Language Index (PLI) compares or ranks languages on their efficacy in the various domains. It uses 20 indicators to measure the influence on language. It measures the usefulness of a language to a representative human being. It is not meant to apply to any particular person with their own set of conditions, preferences and geography. It does not measure of the beauty or merit of a language or its associated cultures.

18. The Reserve bank of India (RBI) in its fifth bi-monthly monetary policy review for year 2016-17 has kept key rates unchanged. Decision in this regard was taken by RBI’s six-member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) headed by Governor Urjit Patel. This decision was taken on the basis of an assessment of the current and evolving macroeconomic situation. Policy Rates Repo rate under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF): Unchanged at 6.25 percent. Reverse repo rate under the LAF: Unchanged at 5.75 per cent. Marginal standing facility (MSF) and Bank Rate: Unchanged at 6.75 per cent. Reserve Ratios Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) of scheduled banks: Unchanged at 4.0 per cent of net demand and time liability (NDTL). Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR): Unchanged 20.75 per cent. The policy repo rate where kept unchanged citing global and domestic uncertainties that posed upside risks to inflation. The MPC also has cut Gross Value Added (GVA) growth estimates for the economy in the fiscal year ending March 2017 to 7.1% from 7.6% earlier. Thus, RBI has retained its “accommodative” monetary policy stance with the objective of achieving consumer price index (CPI) inflation at 5% by Q4 of 2016-17 and the medium-term target of 4% within a band of +/- 2 per cent, while supporting growth.

19. The Union Cabinet has approved the development of Phase – 1 of the Pune Metro Rail Corridor Project. It will be covering a length of 31.254 km comprising with two corridors Corridor-1 (Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation to Swargate) and Corriodor-2 (Vanaz to Ramwadi). Key Facts Corridor-1 will be covering length of 16.589 km of which h11.57 km elevated and 5.019 km underground. Corriodor-2 will be covering 14.665 km and will be fully elevated. The project is scheduled to be completed in five years from the date of start of work as per the Detailed Project Report (DPR). The Project will be implemented by Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited (MAHA-METRO). The total completion cost of the metro rail corridor will be Rs.11,420 crore. MAHA-METRO will be a 50:50 jointly owned company of Union Government and Maharashtra Government. The project will be covered under the legal framework of the Metro Railways (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002; the Metro Railways (Construction of Works) Act, 1978; and the Railways Act, 1989. Comment The metro corridor will benefit approximately 50 lakh population of Pune Metropolitan Area. It will provide much needed connectivity to the commuters to traverse through some of the densest and traffic congested routes of the city. It will considerably reduce the traffic congestion and will bring in fast, safe, comfortable, pollution-free and affordable mass transportation system in the city.

20. The Union Cabinet has approved Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India and Vietnam on Cooperation in the field of Information Technology. The MoU aims to develop sustainable and a long-term cooperation between both countries on the basis of equality and mutual interest in the areas of IT. Key Facts The MoU will be implemented by establishing a Joint Working Group on IT having representatives from both the countries. It will remain in force for a period of 5 years and will be renewable by mutual written consent between India and Vietnam. Its implementation will result in institutional and capacity-building in the field of IT and Human Resource Development, mutually benefiting IT sector of both countries.

21. Veteran journalist Cho S Ramaswamy passed away in Chennai following a prolonged illness. He was 82. He was a lawyer, actor, journalist, commentator and a political interlocutor. He was founder and editor of Thuglak, a Tamil political magazine known for its withering satire and fearless criticism of political figures. About Cho S Ramaswamy Born on October 5, 1934. He was a lawyer by training and later branched into theatre, films and finally to journalism. He has acted in 180 movies, scripted 14 and directed four. He had acted in movies along with MG Ramachandran, Jayalalithaa, Kamal Hassan, Rajinikanth and others. He also has directed several movies and over 20 Tamil plays. He was also a screen play writer. His work in the popular theatre was laced with political and social criticism. Ramaswamy’s other writings covered a wide variety of subjects. He was well-versed in the Indian epics, Vedas and Puranas, he wrote copiously on religion and culture. He was awarded with B.D. Goenka award for excellence in journalism. He was nominated to the Rajya Sabha by then NDA government and served as an MP from 1999 to 2005.

22. The Union Cabinet has approved Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India and Afghanistan on cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space. The MoU envisages cooperation between both countries for application of space technologies in various sectors. It will cover agriculture, education, weather forecasting, rural health, telecommunications, urban development, sanitation, resource mapping navigation, remote sensing and any other areas mutually agreed upon. Benefits of the MoU Develop space sector in Afghanistan and making it self-reliant in space sector Burnish India’s credentials as a nation with advanced space technology which can assist other countries. Deepen bilateral ties and mutual understanding and trust between both countries. Provide India foothold in Afghanistan’s strategic space and communication sector. Boost high-tech jobs in both countries in both core Science & Technology and R&D fields, and also the field of implementation.

23. The Union Cabinet approved proposal of the reforms to boost employment generation and exports in the Made-ups manufacturing Sector. It approved budget of Rs. 6,006 crore for the apparel package in a time bound manner. The main objective is generating direct and indirect employment of upto 11 lakh persons over the next three years the made-ups sector. Following interventions have been approved Providing production incentive through enhanced Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) subsidy of additional 10% for Made-ups. Extending Pradhan Mantri Paridhan Rozgar Protsahan Yojana (PMPRPY) Scheme (for apparel) to made-ups sector. This extension will provide additional 3.67% share of Employer’s contribution in addition to 8.33% already covered under PMRPY for all new employees enrolling in EPFO. Extending Rebate of State Levies (ROSL) (for apparel) Scheme to made-ups sector for enhanced Duty Drawback on exports of Made-ups. Simplification of labour laws: (i) Increasing permissible overtime working hours up to 100 hours per quarter in Made-ups manufacturing sector. (ii) Making employees’ contribution to EPF optional for employees earning less than Rs 15,000 per month. Comment The reforms and interventions are expected to boost employment in the textile sector especially in Made-ups manufacturing Sector. It will create employment for upto eleven lakh persons and lead to increase in exports.

24. The Union Cabinet has given its approval to Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India and United Kingdom (UK) to support Ease of Doing Business in India. The MoU was signed between both countries earlier in November 2016 during the official state visit of UK Prime Minister Theresa May to India. Key Facts The MoU will facilitate exchange Government officials from both countries to facilitate sharing of best practises, technical assistance and enhanced implementation of reforms. The beneficiaries include the officials from India will include Central Government Ministries / Departments and State Governments. It will facilitate various agencies of UK government to offer professional courses on capacity-building of frontline inspectors, better regulation drafting for officials, sharing of best practises, etc. The collaboration is expected to expedite adoption of innovative practises by the India leading to easing of regulatory environment in country and fostering of conducive business climate in India. Background Currently, India is ranks 130th out of 190 economies in Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) as per Doing Business Report, 2017. On the other hand UK has achieved phenomenal improvement in EoDB rankings in recent years. MoU for Cooperation in the Field of Intellectual Property The Union Cabinet also approved to the MoU between India and UK for Cooperation in the Field of Intellectual Property (IP) signed in November 2016. The MoU seeks to facilitate establishment of wide-ranging and flexible mechanisms for cooperation in the development of automation, new documentation and information systems in the field of IP. It provides an opportunity for collaboration in training programmes, exchange of experts and technical exchanges and outreach activities. Its implementation will enhance capacity of the Office of Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trademarks (CGPDTM) to examine patent applications, which in turn will impact innovation positively.

25. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully launched remote sensing satellite Resourcesat-2A into its dedicated orbit. It was launched onboard of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)-C36 from first launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. It was PSLV’s 38th flight and XL version of the rocket was used. It was the 37th consecutive successful flight of the rocket. About Resourcesat-2A Resourcesat-2A is a follow on mission to its predecessor remote sensing satellites Resourcesat-1 and Resourcesat-2, launched in 2003 and 2011 respectively. It is intended to continue the remote sensing data services to global users provided by it two predecessors. Resourcesat-2A weighs 1,235 kg and is placed into an 817 km polar sun synchronous orbit (i.e. orbiting pole-to-pole). The mission life of Resourcesat-2A is five years. It carries three payloads viz. high resolution Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS-4) camera, medium resolution LISS-3 camera, and coarse resolution Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) camera. These three cameras of different resolution. These cameras will give regular micro and macro information on land and water bodies below, forests, farm lands and crop extent, coastal information, mineral deposits, rural and urban spreads besides helping in disaster management. It also carries two Solid State Recorders with a capacity of 200 Giga Bits. Each of it can store the images taken by its cameras which can be read out later to ground stations. About PSLV The PSLV rocket is a four stage/engine indigenous light-lifting rocket powered by solid and liquid fuel alternatively. It has emerged as the workhorse launch vehicle of ISRO offered for launching satellites for international customers. Between 1994 and 2016, the PSLV has launched a total of 121 satellites, of which 42 are Indian satellites and 79 satellites are from abroad. The PSLV-XL variant of the rocket is 44.4 metres tall and weighs 3201 tonnes.

26. Researchers’ team from Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) have discovered that bismuth semi-metal in bulk form becomes a superconductor. The team was lead by Dr. S. Ramakrishnan of the Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences at TIFR, Mumbai. What researchers have discovered? They have discovered that when temperature of bismuth semi-metal in bulk form is lowered to 530 microKelvin (about -273 degree C), it becomes a superconductor. It acts as superconductor at temperature three orders of magnitude higher than the theoretical prediction. Significance This landmark discovery challenges the conventional understanding of superconductivity based on Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory. It cannot explain the superconductivity seen in bismuth as it only explains superconductivity in most low Tc (critical temperature) superconductors. The discovery demands a new theory and a new mechanism to understand superconductivity in bismuth. It provides an alternative path for discovering new superconducting materials which are very different from the conventional superconductors. What are Superconductors? Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity with no resistance whatsoever. In order to achieve superconducting state, the element should have mobile electrons, and these electrons should come together to form pairs, known as Cooper pairs. Unusual phenomenon in bismuth Unlike other elements in the periodic table, bismuth has unusual phenomenon. Bismuth has only one mobile electron per 100,000 atoms. Whereas, the metallic superconductors have one mobile electron per atom. Since carrier density of bismuth is so small, it was believed that bismuth will superconduct. Thus, superconductivity in bismuth is puzzling.

27. Andhra Pradesh Government has launched AP Purse mobile application to promote digital transactions among the people. It was launched by Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu in Vijayawada to solve the cash crunch problem in the state following demonitisaton of high value old currency notes.

28. The Union Government is going to observe birth anniversary of the father of Indian Constitution B R Ambedkar (April 14) as “Water Day” in the country. It was announced by Union Minister for Water Resources Minister Uma Bharti in New Delhi. She made this announcement while addressing a National Seminar on Marching ahead on Dr. Ambedkar’s path of water resources management for inclusive growth. It was organized by Central Water Commission (CWC) in New Delhi. What is purpose? The idea behind observing Water Day on birth anniversary of Dr. Ambedkar is to sensitise people about managing precious water resources. It will also spread awareness about work of Dr. Ambedkar who was also responsible for a definite all-India policy on managing water resources in India besides being instrumental in framing the country’s Constitution. Background The CWC paper (Ambedkar’s contribution to water resources development) released on the occasion of the Dr. Ambedkar’s 125th birth anniversary in April 2016 mentions that he was a pioneer in the field of developing multi-purpose projects for independent India. In fact, he was the moving spirit behind the Damodar Valley, Hirakud and other projects. He had helped in evolving a new water and power policy during 1942-46 to utilise the water resources of the country to the best advantage of everybody.

29. The India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management (IIIDEM) has conducted training on Election Management of SAARC Countries. It was conducted by Election Commission of India (ECI) and sponsored by the Union Ministry of External Affairs with aim of promoting free, fair, peaceful and inclusive elections.

30. The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries have agreed to share tax information automatically as per their commitment to ensure the fairness of the international tax system. Decion in this regard was taken at the meeting of Heads of Revenue of BRICS Countries in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Key Facts They have reaffirmed their commitment to prevent of base erosion and shifting of profits (BEPS), exchange of tax information and capacity building of developing countries. To eliminate BEPS all member countries agreed to tax profits in those jurisdictions where the activities deriving those profits are performed and where value is created. BRICS members will exchange tax information, both on request and on automatic basis, and to adopt global standards on tax transparency They also reiterated their endorsement for global Common Reporting Standard for Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) on a reciprocal basis to prevent cross-border tax evasion. Expressed “deep concern” with the process of erosion of the tax base by aggressive tax practices including incomplete disclosure of information by MNCs. Background The BRICS nations have faced major tax dodging by big corporate and individuals that diminishes their efforts to reduce societal inequality by taxation. US based think tank Global Financial Integrity has estimated that BRICS countries have faced huge flows of illicit fund flows in the last decade. BRICS member countries occupy five of the top seven places in the global ranking of countries for illicit outflows. China has been the biggest source of illicit fund outflows followed by Russia during this period.

31. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has clarified that banks will have to bear the full liability in the event of any security breach or compromise in the authorised card network. Banks issuing the cards will offer the ‘payment authentication solutions’ of the respective card networks on an optional basis to their customers. RBI held that Only authorised card networks will offer such payment authentication solutions with participation of card issuing and acquiring banks. For this purpose customer’s consent must be taken while making this solution available to them. Customers opting for this facility will go through a one-time registration process. They are required to enter card details and additional factor authentication by issuing bank. Thereafter, registered customers will not be required to re-enter card details for every transaction at merchant locations that offer this solution, thus save time and effort. The card details already registered will be the first factor while the credentials used to login to the solution would be the additional factor of authentication. Besides, RBI also has relaxed additional factor authentication (AFA) norms for online transactions up to Rs. 2,000. This decision was taken in a move to save time for customers amid the government’s push for digitization of payments.

32. The Union Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) has launched Winter Fog Experiment (WIFEX 2016-17) to study presence of extended periods of fog in northern parts of the country. It is an intensive ground-based measurement to understand different physical and chemical features of Fog will be conducted at Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA), Delhi.

33. Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar (64) will be the next Chief Justice of India (CJI). He will be the 44th CJI and shall succeed Chief Justice TS Thakur who retires on January 3, 2017. Justice Khehar will be sworn in as the CJI by President Pranab Mukherjee on January 4, 2017. With this, he will be the first Sikh to become the CJI. Justice Khehar’s name for appointment as the next CJI was recommended by SC collegium headed by Chief Justice TS Thakur. He would remain in office from January 4, 2017 till August 4, 2017 i.e. till he attains the age of 65. About Jagdish Singh Khehar Born on 28 August 1952. He was awarded the LL.B degree by the Panjab University, Chandigarh in 1977. Later he acquired the LL. M. qualification from the same University in 1979. He was enrolled as an Advocate in 1979 and practiced mainly in Punjab and Haryana High Court, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh High Court, Shimla and the Supreme Court. He was appointed as Additional Advocate General, Punjab in January 1992, and then as Senior Standing Counsel Chandigarh (UT). He was designated as Senior Advocate in February, 1995. He was elevated to the Bench of High Court of Punjab and Haryana in February 1999. He was appointed as Acting Chief Justice of the Punjab and Haryana High Court twice in August 2008, and again in November 2009. He was elevated as Chief Justice of the High Court of Uttarakhand in November 2009. Later he was transferred as Chief Justice of High Court of Karnataka, in August 2010. He was elevated as Judge of the Supreme Court in September 2011. He is due to retire from Supreme Court in August 2017. In SC, he had led the five-judge constitution bench which had struck down the NJAC Act and 99th Constitutional Amendment Act for appointment of judges. He has also headed a SC bench which had set aside the imposition of President’s Rule in Arunachal Pradesh in January 2016.

34. The annual bilateral maritime exercise Konkan 16 between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy (British Navy) started in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The 2016 edition of the exercise (from 05 to 16 December 2016) will play an important chapter in the maritime interactions. It will familiarise navies of both countries with each other’s planning processes and further enhance synergy and inter-operability. Key Facts Konkan 16 will be conducted in two phases in Mumbai and Goa. The first phase (05 to 09 December 2016) will be held in Mumbai. In it there will be a command planning exercise involving the two navies, where planners from both sides will undertake planning for combined maritime operations. The second phase is a LIVE EXERCISE (LIVEX) will be held from 12 to 16 December 2016 at Goa.

35. India has agreed to train Vietnam’s Sukhoi-30 fighter pilots, boosting growing defence ties between both countries. In this regard agreement was signed during bilateral discussions between Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar and his Vietnamese counterpart, General Ngo Xuan Lich in New Delhi.

36. AIADMK leader O. Panneerselvam (65) was sworn in as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu following death of Chief Minister Jayalalithaa. He was administered the oath of office and secrecy by Governor Ch. Vidyasagar Rao at a solemn ceremony held in the Raj Bhavan, Chennai.

37. E-commerce giant Amazon has launched its global startup program ‘Launchpad’ in India. The program will enable Indian startups to sell their products overseas. In this regard, Amazon India has tied up with Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP)’s Start Up India and NASSCOM. Amazon also has partnered with NASSCOM’s 10,000 Startups and Indian Angel Network (IAN) along with NITI Aayog, Governments of Maharashtra, Telangana and TiE to help roll in startups.

38. India has received over US $300 billion US Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) milestone between April 2000 and September 2016. The cumulative FDI inflows during the period amounted to US $310.26 billion. With this, India firmly established its credentials as a safe investment destination in the world. Key Facts 33% of the FDI came through the Mauritius route. India received US $101.76 billion dollar from Mauritius between April 2000 and September 2016. Top Destinations: Mauritius route is preferred by investors because they wanted to take advantage of India’s double taxation avoidance treaty (DTAA) with the island nation. Besides Mauritius, other big investors have been from Singapore, US, UK and the Netherlands. Sector wise: India’s services sector received maximum 18% of the cumulative equity FDI inflows. It was followed by construction development, computer software & hardware, telecommunication and automobile. Liberalisation of the FDI policy framework supplemented by major national development programmes such as Make in India, Skill India and Digital India besides increasing competitiveness, have made India the preferred choice for investors globally. Global FDI Status According to the World Investment Report 2016 released by UNCTAD, global FDI flows rose by 38% to $ 1.76 trillion. It is the highest level since the global economic and financial crisis began in 2008. However, it still remains some 10% short of the 2007 peak. The FDI flows in 2016 are expected to decline by 10-15%, reflecting fragility of global economy, persistent weakness of aggregate demand, effective policy measures to curb tax inversion deals. Besides, elevated geopolitical risks and regional tensions may further amplify the expected downturn of FDI flows.

39. Tamil Nadu Chief Minister J Jayalalithaa passed away at the Apollo Hospitals, Chennai following cardiac arrest. She was 68. Jayalalithaa was one of the country’s most articulate and determined political personalities and a top film actress of the 1960s and 1970s. She was famously known as Puratchi Thalaivi Amma (revolutionary leader) or Amma. About J Jayalalithaa Born on 24 February 1948 at Melkote in Mandya district in then Mysore State (now Karnataka). At birth she was named Komalavalli and was renamed Jayalalithaa. She had entered into film industry when she was 16 years old. Her debut as lead actress wasi n a Kannada film Vennira Aadai in 1955. She was launched into Tamil films starring as the heroine in MGR’s “Ayirathil Oruvan.” Since then both have acted together in 28 films, many of them super hits. In her acting career, she had acted in more than 140 films in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Hindi and English. She was also known for her dancing skills and was often referred as the uncrowned queen of Tamil cinema. She had entered into politics in 1982 under the mentorship of co-star and then Chief Minister M.G. Ramachandran (MGR), the founder of the AIADMK. After death of MGR in 1987, she took charge of the party and became chief minister of Tamil Nadu for first time in 1991. She served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for six times from 1991 to 1996 (1st time), in 2001 (2nd time), from 2002 to 2006 (3rd time), from 2011 to 2014 (4th time), 2015 to 2016 (5th time) and May 2016 to December 2016 (sixth time). Since 2011, Jayalalithaa had launched several public welfare schemes doling out numerous freebies under the ‘Brand Amma’. Some of such schemes are Amma Unavagam (canteen), Amma Water, Amma Salt. These schemes had won accolades nationally and endearing herself to the masses.

40. The sixth edition of ‘Heart of Asia- Istanbul Process of Aghanistan‘ conference, an annual regional gathering of Asian and other countries was held in Amritsar, Punjab (India). It was inaugurated jointly by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Afghan President Ashraf Ghani. It concluded with adaptation of Amritsar Declaration with its prime focus on terrorism. Key Facts The delegates from nearly 40 countries and leading groupings like EU participated in conference. Indian delegation was led by Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley. The theme of this edition of the conference was “Addressing Challenges, Achieving Prosperity”. The three big issues of the conference were (i) countering terrorism to create stability in Afghanistan, (ii) Providing Afghanistan connectivity to strengthen economic activities and (iii) the development which is essential for its progress. Amritsar Declaration Terrorism: It is the biggest threat to peace and security. It needs to be ended in all forms of terrorism and all support financial and safe havens providing sanctuary to it. Expressed concern over violence caused in Afghanistan and region by terrorists groups like Al Qaeda, Lashkar-e-Toiba, Daesh (ISIS) and Jaish-e-Mohammed. It also mentions Haqqani Network. Drug menace: There is urgency to respond to the nexus between drug menace and its financial support for terrorist entities in Afghanistan. CCIT: Early finalisation of the draft comprehensive convention on international terrorism (CCIT). Early meeting of experts must be held to discuss a draft regional counter terrorism framework strategy, recently prepared by Afghanistan for its early finalisation. Connectivity: Reiterated strong support from Heart of Asia countries for use of Afghanistan’s location to enhance wider and regional economic cooperation. Specific initiatives for regional connectivity including Iran-India-Afghanistan trilateral agreement on developing Chabahar were acknowledged OBOR: Welcomes the MOU on Jointly Building the Silk Road Economic Belt (OBOR) and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road between China and Afghanistan. International community and ANDSF: Welcomed agreements between the international community and Afghanistan for continued financial support to the Afghanistan National Defence and Security Forces (ANDSF) until 2020. About Heart of Asia HoA conference is a part of the Istanbul Process established 2011 which provides a platform to discuss an agenda of regional cooperation with Afghanistan at its centre. It was seeks to provide a platform to discuss regional issues, particularly encouraging security, political, and economic cooperation among Afghanistan and its neighbours. Its three main elements are (i) Political Consultation involving Afghanistan and its near and extended neighbours. (ii) Achieving sustained incremental approach to implementation of Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) identified in the Istanbul Process document. (iii) Seeks to contribute and bring greater coherence to work of various regional processes and organisations, particularly as they relate to Afghanistan. 14 participating countries: Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Azerbaijan and Turkey. These countries engage in result-oriented cooperation for a peaceful and stable Afghanistan and, by extension, a secure and prosperous region as a whole. Supporting countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Iraq, Japan, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, UK and US. Supporting Organisations: UN, NATO, SAARC, SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) and OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation).

41. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is going to issue new currency notes of Twenty and Fifty rupees denomination in the Mahatma Gandhi Series-2005. All old the previous currency notes of old Rs. 20 and Rs. 50 denomination issued by the Bank will continue to be legal tender. Key Facts The 50 rupees note will be without inset letter in both the number panels. The 20 rupees note will be with inset letter ‘L’ in both the number panels. Both notes will bear signature of incumbent RBI Governor Dr. Urjit R Patel. The year 2016 will be printed on the reverse of both the notes. Earlier in November 2016, the Union Government had decided to ban Rs 500 and Rs 1000 denomination bank notes, in a move to curb black money. Subsequently a new Rs 500 banknote and Rs 2000 with advance security features were also issued. However, Rs 1000 notes have not been issued yet.

42. Hailakandi district of Assam has become the first district to pay wages to tea garden workers through individual bank accounts. It completed this task before the December 15, 2016 deadline set by the state government for cashless transactions of salary payments to the plantation workers. Key Facts At least 504 workers of Burnie Braes tea estate received their wages through bank accounts. The payment was made through five Banking Correspondents (CSPs) of Assam Gramin Vikash Bank. Such payments were possible due to the effort bankers, tea garden managements and mobile service providers. Following demonetisation of old high value 500 Rupees and 1000 Rupees currency notes, Assam government had set December 15, 2016 as the deadline for cashless transactions to tea plantation workers.

43. The 7th World Ayurveda Congress (WAC) was held from December 2 to 4, 2016 at Science City in Kolkata, West Bengal. It was organised by the World Ayurveda Foundation with the support of the Union Ministry of AYUSH to facilitate development and growth of AYUSH system of medicine comprising Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy.

44. The Indian Navy Day is observed annually on 4 December to celebrate the magnificence, achievements and role of the naval force of the country. Indian Navy is one of most potent maritime forces in the world and the most lethal in Indian Ocean. On the occasion of 45th Navy Day, President Pranab Mukherjee extended greetings to all members of the Indian Navy and their families. Why Navy Day is celebrated? The observance of the day commemorates the launch of Operation Trident by the Indian Navy against Pakistan on 4th December, 1971. During the 1971 India-Pakistan war, the Indian Navy had played a significant role in the bombing of the Karachi harbour, the stronghold of the Pakistani Navy. In this attack, Indian Navy sank four Pakistani vessels and ravaged the Karachi harbour fuel fields. In this operation, three missile boats of the Indian Navy, INS Nirghat, INS Nipat and INS Veer had played a pivotal role.Operation Trident had also resulted in first use of anti-ship missiles in the Arabian Sea region.

45. Sprint king Usain Bolt from Jamaica has been awarded the 2016 IAAF World Athlete of the Year award in male category for sixth time. Earlier he had won it in 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2013. He was rewarded for his blistering performance in 2016 season in which he won three gold medals (100m, 200m and 4x100m relay) at the 2016 Rio Olympics.

46. India and Qatar have signed five agreements including in the field of visas, cyberspace and investments. These agreements were signed after bilateral talks held between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Qatari counterpart Sheikh Abdullah bin Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani in New Delhi. Singed Agreements are Protocol on Technical Cooperation in cyber space and combating cybercrime. Letter of Intent on an Agreement on grant of e-Visa for businessmen and tourists MoU on greater collaboration and exchange in the field of national ports management. Agreement on exemption from visa requirement for holders of diplomatic, special and official passports. MoU between Qatar’s Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).

47. The Public Financial Management System (PFMS) after implemented on full scale will help Union Government to save a significant amount on interest costs. It will allow the government to monitor and access the more than Rs.1 lakh crore of idle funds lying with it under various heads. Once government access these funds through PFMS, it need does not need to borrow that amount. Government is planning to roll out this platform from next financial year i.e. April 2017 along with Goods and Services Tax (GST). It will be integrated with IT network of the GST. What is Public Financial Management System? PFMS is an electronic fund tracking mechanism compiles, collates and makes available in real-time, information regarding all government schemes. Besides, it will significantly provide government real-time information on resource availability and utilisation across schemes. In addition it allow government expenditure to adopt a Just-in- Time (JIT) approach, with payments made only when they are needed.

48. The South American economic bloc Mercosur has suspended Venezuela from it for violating the bloc’s democratic principles and failing to meet its basic standards. The membership was revoked by the Foreign Ministers of the four founding members of Mercosur — Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. Why Venezuela was suspended? Venezuela was blocked after it failed to comply with its commitments given when it had joined the group in 2012. It also failed to meet December 1, 2016 deadline to adopt certain standards and rules required for membership of the bloc. The bloc considered Venezuela as burden for the economic group due to its poor performance of the economy, colluding with the goals of the bloc. It is also suffering from broken economic system (world’s highest inflation and crumbling currency), corruption problem and is close to civil unrest. Since 2015, tensions between Venezuela and its Mercosur partners had exacerbated. Earlier in 2016, the bloc had stopped Venezuela from assuming the rotating presidency. About Mercosur Mercosur is a sub-regional bloc of South American countries. Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency. It was established in 1991 and its headquarters are located at Montevideo (Uruguay). It calls itself the common market of the South America. At present, it is a full customs union and a trading bloc. Its full members are Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Its associate countries are Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Suriname. Besides, New Zealand, Mexico are observer countries.

50. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has found an ancient camping site used by pre-historic man, at an altitude of about 4,200 metres near Saser La in Nubra Valley, Ladakh. The camping site is a place where hunter-gatherers in the ancient times stayed temporarily before they moved on to another place. Key Facts This camping site is located in Saser La which leads to the Karakoram Pass. It was used for a seasonal settlement not a permanent settlement. Charcoal pieces from the earth activity and remains of bones associated were discovered at the site. The carbon dating of these charcoal pieces reveals that, the site dates back to circa 8500 BCE. Comment Saser La site is the earliest camping site discovered in Ladakh on the basis of a scientific date. Prior it, Ladakh region was not having any archaeological importance. Thus, it is considered as remarkable discovery. Earlier, only 6th century CE to 7th century CE remains were reported in Ladakh.