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Animal Husbandry Notes On – Types Of Goat Breed – For W.B.C.S. Examination.
Our traditional goat farmers have extensively practiced the art of selection and inbreeding for evolving definite breeds with specific or multiple functions.Continue Reading Animal Husbandry Notes On – Types Of Goat Breed – For W.B.C.S. Examination.
The country as a whole represents an important genetic reservoir of goat breeds for meat, milk, fibre and skin production. Some of these are well-known but more than half of the population is on non-descript type. The true productive potential of individual breeds has not been adequately documented. This has, in turn, affected a detailed description of the breeds, also their genetic potential and their more extensive use in development programmes. There are about 21 breeds of goats with specific characteristics. However, the majority of breeds are diverse and it is often difficult to classify them into breed groups for lack of descriptive data. Black and brown colours are common and dominant over white. There is very little differentiation between meat and milk breeds. As a general rule, breeding is uncontrolled. This is reflected in a large population of crossbred goats, a range of colours, ear and horn shapes etc. This is evident throughout the country, especially in extensive grazing situations.
It is very essential that the great genetic reservoir that we possess is properly identified for individual breeds consistent with controlled breeding and definite production objectives. Increased contribution from goat is possible only with breeding better quality animals and improved management practices.
Based on the region, Indian breeds of goats are classified into the following :-
a) Himalayan (hilly tract) region
This region comprises the states of J&K, HP and parts of UP.
(1) Himalayan breed (Chamba, Gaddi, Kashmiri)
Kangra & Kulu valleys; Chamba, Sirmur & Shimla in HP; parts of hilly regions of Jammu
Sturdily built. Tough skin. Horns are pointed at the apex. Long and coarse white hair 8-10 inches long. Roman nose. Tapering muzzle. Long, drooping, pointed ears. Mature body weight : 30/20 kg (M/F).
Castrated bucks are used for transport. Hair. Meat.
(2) Pashmina
Found at elevations above 3400 m in the Himalayas, Ladakh and Lahaul & Spiti valleys of J&K.
Large-sized 60/50 kg. Ears are short and erect. Overcoat is gray and occasionally whitish-brown. The undercoat is 4-5 inches long, white, silky hair beneath the fur coat is “pashmina” fibre.
“Pashmina” yield is 25-50 gm/combing, max. 200 gm/year; used for manufacture of shawls & rugs. Meat. Draft. Small quantity of milk.
(3) Chegu
Mountainous ranges of Spiti, Yaksar & Kashmir region of J&K
Medium-sized 40/26 kg. Colour is a mixture of white and grayish-red. Horns are bent backward and upward.
“Pashmina” yield of 110 gm/year. Good meat. Small quantity of milk.
(4) Changthangi
Ladakh, Lahaul valley of J&K
Small, dainty. White, occasionally brown & gray. Long, pendulous ears. Coarse hair on face.
“Pashmina” yield of 25-50 gm/year.
b) Northern region
This region comprises Punjab, Haryana and parts of UP. It has some of the important milch breeds.
(1) Jamunapari
Usually found in the Etawah district of UP, and in the tracts lying between Jamuna & Chambal rivers.
It is the biggest and most majestic breed of goat in India. Large-sized, tall & leggy; 65-86 / 45-61 kg. Prominent Roman nose. Large, folded, pendulous ears. Long and thick hairs on their hind quarters and a glossy coat. Horns are short and flat.
Dual purpose – milk and meat. Peak daily milk yield is 2.5-3.0 kg. Milk yield in a lactation period of 250 days varies from 250-300 kg with 3.5% fat content.
The breed ahs been extensively used to upgrade indigenous breeds for milk and meat (dual purpose) and has been exported to neighbouring countries for the same purpose.Have been used for evolving the famous Anglo-Nubian breed of goats in England.
(2) Beetal
Sialkot, Jhelum, Gurdaspur & Amritsar districts of Punjab.
This good dairy breed has evolved from the Jamunapari breed, and resembles it but is smaller in size 70/50 kg. However, it is superior to Jamunapari with regards to prolificacy, adaptability to various agro-climatic conditions and stall feeding. Roman nose. Long ears. Horns are spirally twisted and bent horizontally backward. Colour is red or black tan with white spots.
Dual purpose – milk and meat. Milk 1.5-2.0 kg/day. Lactation period 200-220 days.
(3) Barbari
Urban areas of Delhi; Aligarh, Etah, Etawah, Agra & Mathura in UP; Gurgaon, Karnal, Panipat & Rohtak in Haryana.
This breed has its origin from Berboa in Somali Republic in East Africa. Colour varies with white, red and tan spots being common. 36-45 / 27-36 kg. Small animals with compact body. Wide variation in coat colour, but white with small brown patches is most common. Ears are short, tubular and erect. Both sexes have twisted horns. Bucks have a large, thick beard.
Dual purpose – milk & meat. Yield 0.9-1.25 kg milk (5% fat content) per day in a lactation period of 108 days. They are prolific breeders and usually kid twice in 12-15 months. The outstanding quality of this dwarf breed is its habit of stall feeding, which makes it suitable for cities and towns where grazing facilities are lacking.
c) Central region
This region comprises Rajasthan, MP, Gujarat and northern parts of Maharashtra.
(1) Marwari
Marwar area of Rajasthan.
Derived from Jamunapari breed. Jet black colour with white speckled ears. Hairs are lustrous, 10-12 cm long. Small ears. Long horns. 25-35 kg.
Triple purpose – milk, meat, hair. Milk yield 0.9 kg/day.
(2) Mehsana
Mehsana district of Gujarat.
Derived from Jamunapari breed. Greyish-black; white ears with black spots. Medium-sized. Roman nose. 10 cm long hair on body.
Triple purpose – milk, meat, hair. Good milker 1.5-2.0 kg/day.
(3) Zalawadi
Zalwad region of Kathiawar district of Gujarat.
Derived from Jamunapari breed. Colour ranging from pinkish-blue to black. Large-sized. Screw-shaped horns. Lustrous hair of 15 cm length.
Triple purpose – milk, meat, hair. Good milker 1.0 kg/day.
(4) Berari
Nagpur & Wardha districts of Maharashtra; Nimar district of MP.
Tall and dark coloured.
Poor milk yielder 0.6 kg/day.
(5) Kathiawari (Kutchi)
Kutch, northern Gujarat & Rajasthan.
Black coat and reddish mark on the neck. Long hairs. Cork screw horns pointed upwards.
Triple purpose – milk, meat, hair. Milk yield 1.25 kg/day.
(6) Sirohi
Gujarat, Rajasthan
White and brown colour. Medium-sized compact body, Long, lope ears.
Meat. Milk yield 0.9 kg/day. Well sited to stall feeding.
(7) Surti
Surat & Baroda districts of Gujarat
The breed is known to be a good dairy breed and is good for maintenance under complete confinement and stall feeding conditions. Medium-sized. White in colour. Highly developed udder. Both sexes have small horns directed backwards.
Average milk yield 2 kg/day. Crosses with Saanen have resulted in higher milk potential.
d) Southern region
This region comprises parts of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
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