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  • Biology – Classification Of Organisms – Notes For W.B.C.S. Examination.
    Posted on February 18th, 2019 in General Science
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    Biology – Classification Of Organisms – Notes For W.B.C.S. Examination.

    জীববিজ্ঞান – জীবের শ্রেণিবিন্যাস – WBCS পরীক্ষা।

    • The technique of classifying organisms is known as Taxonomy.Continue Reading Biology – Classification Of Organisms – Notes For W.B.C.S. Examination.
    • Taxonomy is made up of two words i.e. ‘Taxis,’ which means ‘arrangement’ and ‘Nomos,’ which means ‘method.’
    • The Swedish botanist Carolus (Carl) Linneaeus has developed the modern taxonomic system.
    • Linneaeus has developed the following hierarchy of groups to explain the taxonomy −

    Linneaeus

    • In this hierarchy, Domain is the highest order and the broadest category and Species is the lowest order category.
    • Further based on the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes (cells) ‘Domains’ classified into three broad categories namely −
    • Archea(Archeabacteria) − It comprises the bacteria that live in extreme environments.
      • Eubacteria − It comprises the bacteria that found in everyday life.
      • Eukaryote − It comprises almost all the world’s visible living things.
    • The above given three domains are further categorized into Five following Kingdoms −

    Kingdoms

    • Let’s discuss each kingdom in brief −
      • Monera − It comprises the unicellular organisms, e.g. bacteria.
      • Protista − Similar to monera (unicellular), but more developed and complex. It contains nucleus.
      • Plantae − All plants from smallest (such as algae) to the largest (such as Pine, Eucalyptus trees, etc.) are studied under this kingdom.
      • Fungi − It is a group of eukaryotic organisms that comprises microorganisms such as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. The organisms of this kingdom do not make their food, they are basically parasites.
      • Animalia − It includes all the multicellular and eukaryotic organisms (of animal group). It is also known as Metazoa.

    Binomial Nomenclature

    • The naming culture (of different organisms) practiced uniformly across the world is known as binomial nomenclature.
    • Binomial Nomenclature largely consists of two words – the first word beginning with a capital letter and known as genus (of the organism) and the second word begins with lower case letter and defines the species of the organism.
    • Binomial Nomenclature must be written in italic and also known as scientific name.
    • For example, the binomial nomenclature of human is – Homo sapiens; tiger – Panthera tigris, etc.

    Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

    • Cells are fundamentally categorized by prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

    Prokaryotes

    • Prokaryotes are the smallest and simplest type of cells.
    • Prokaryotes have no true nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles. E.g. Bacteria.
    • Prokaryotes’ Genome consists of single chromosome.
    • Reproduction is asexual; basically mitosis type.

    Eukaryotes

    • Eukaryotes are complex in structure.
    • Eukaryotes have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Eukaryotes’ Genome consists of numerous chromosomes.
    • Reproduction is sexual; by mitosis and meiosis.

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