Chemistry – Hydrogen – Notes For W.B.C.S Examination.

রসায়ন – হাইড্রোজেন – WBCS পরীক্ষার জন্য নোট।

Introduction

• In the periodic table, hydrogen is the lightest element, its atomic weight is merely 1.008.Continue Reading Chemistry – Hydrogen – Notes For W.B.C.S Examination.
• The symbol of hydrogen is ‘H’ and the atomic number is ‘1.’
• In the early 16^th century, hydrogen gas was first artificially produced by the reaction of acids and metals.
• Henry Cavendish first recognized the hydrogen gas a discrete substance during the period of 1766-81, as it produces water when it is burned.

Salient Features of Hydrogen

• In their plasma state, the non-remnant stars are primarily composed of hydrogen.
• At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen appears colorless, tasteless, odorless, nonmetallic, non-toxic, and highly combustible diatomic gas.
• The molecular formula of hydrogen is H₂.
• On the earth, hydrogen exists in molecular forms, for example, water or other organic compounds.
• Hydrogen also plays an important role in acid–base reactions.
• Hydrogen gas is highly flammable in the air.
• Pure hydrogen-oxygen flames radiate ultraviolet light; further, with high oxygen mix are nearly invisible to the naked eye.
• Hydrogen can react with almost every oxidizing element.
• At room temperature, Hydrogen normally reacts spontaneously and viciously with chlorine and fluorine and forms the corresponding hydrogen halides.

Occurrence of Hydrogen

• Consisting roughly about 75 percent of all baryonic mass, hydrogen is the most abundantly found chemical subsistence in the universe.
• Throughout the universe, hydrogen is typically found in the atomic and plasma states; however, the properties quite different from those of the molecular hydrogen.
• On the earth, hydrogen exists as the diatomic gas, i.e. H₂.
• Because of having light weight, hydrogen easily escapes from the earth’s atmosphere.
• Hydrogen is the third most abundant element found on the Earth’s surface, but largely found in form of hydrocarbons and water.

Compounds of Hydrogen

• Following are the major compounds of hydrogen −
  • Water – H₂O
  • Ammonia – NH₃
  • Hydrogen chloride – HCl
  • Hydrogen fluoride – HF
  • Hydrogen sulfide – H₂S
  • Methane – CH₄
  • Hydroxide – OH^–
  • Hydrogen bromide – HBr
  • Hydrogen iodide – HI
  • Hydrogen cyanide – HCN
  • Phosphine – PH₃
  • Hydrogen selenide – H₂Se
  • Methanol – CH₃OH
  • Lithium hydride – LiH
  • Bicarbonate – HCO₃
  • Hydrogen telluride – H₂Te
  • Liquid hydrogen – H₂
  • Cyanide – CN
  • Calcium hydride – CaH₂
  • Heavy water – D₂O
  • Diborane – B₂H₆
  • Sodium hydride – NaH
  • Potassium hydride – KH

Uses of Hydrogen

• The largest amount of H₂ is used in the processing of fossil fuels as well as in the production of ammonia.
• Hydrogen (H₂) is extensively used in the petroleum and chemical industries.
• H₂ is typically used as a hydrogenating agent, especially in increasing the saturation level of unsaturated fats and oils.
• H₂ is also used as a shielding gas in welding procedures, such as atomic hydrogen welding, etc.

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