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W.B.C.S. Examination Notes On – Environment – Carbon-Removal.
Amongst the vast syllabus of W.B.C.S Examination, this part is quite easy to read and recollect and also fetches good marks.Biological diversity, or biodiversity, is the scientific term for the variety of life on Earth. It refers not just to species but also to ecosystems and differences in genes within a single species. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem.The carbon-removal approach would extract CO2 from other gases in the atmosphere by changing it into other forms of carbon (such as carbonate) through photosynthesis or artificial “scrubbing.”Continue Reading W.B.C.S. Examination Notes On – Environment – Carbon-Removal.
This separated carbon then would be either sequestered in biomass at the surface or transported away for storage in the ocean or underground. Several carbon-removal geoengineering schemes have been considered. These include carbon burial, ocean fertilization, biochar production, and scrubbing towers or “artificial trees.”
Carbon burial, more commonly known as “carbon capture and storage,” involves the pumping of pressurized CO2 into suitable geological structures (that is, with gas-tight upper layers to cap the buried carbon) deep underground or in the deep ocean (see carbon sequestration). The premise is that CO2 generated from the combustion of fossil fuels could be separated from other industrial emissions before these emissions were released into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide could then be pumped through pipes into geological formations and stored for extended periods of time.
The process of carbon burial requires the identification of many suitable sites followed by stringent leak-testing of individual sites. So far, injections of compressed CO2 have been used to aid in the extraction of natural gas, such as in the Sleipner Vest field in the North Sea, and the United States Department of Energy has funded the construction of several carbon-storage sites. The carbon-burial process could also make use of carbon dioxide captured from the atmosphere using scrubbers (see below Scrubbers and artificial trees).Do follow previous years question papers for better understanding of the types of questions asked.
Climate change is driven by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, which release carbon dioxide into the air, causing global warming.
The 2016 Paris Agreement aims to keep the increase in the global average temperature to “well below” 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, in order to significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change on the planet.
Although significant strides have been made in renewable energy and energy efficiency, these are not enough to meet the critical 2 °C target. Additional CO2 removal from the atmosphere will be required.
Climate change mitigation therefore urgently needs carbon removal technologies. Eighty seven per cent of all IPCC climate scenarios make it clear that negative emissions are absolutely necessary in order to keep global warming below 2 °C.
Importantly CO2 removal is not only needed to enable negative emissions but also to achieve zero CO2 emissions globally. Sectors such as shipping and aviation do not yet have viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Traditional mitigation measures such as renewable energies can – even in the optimum scenario – only reduce CO2 by around 80 per cent. The rest must come from removing carbon from the air.
Climeworks has developed the first commercial carbon removal technology on the market today, allowing us to physically remove any organisation’s or individual’s past, present and future CO2 emissions.
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