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  • W.B.C.S. Examination Notes On – Subphylum Ciliophora – Zoology Notes.

    • They possess simple ciliary organelles for locomotion, infraciliature is subpeculiar.Continue Reading W.B.C.S. Examination Notes On – Subphylum Ciliophora – Zoology Notes.
    • They have two nuclei, a trophic macronucleus, and a reproductive micronucleus.
    • Binary fission is perkinetal.
    • Conjugation takes place with the fusion of nuclei, autogamy and cytogamy also occur.
    • There are never any free gametes.
    • Nutrition is mixotrophic or heterotrophic.
    • They usually have a cytostome.

    Class 1: Ciliata

    • They possess cilia or compound ciliary structure as locomotory or food acquiring organelles.
    • There is the presence of an infraciliary system, composed of basal granules below the cell surface and interconnected by longitudinal fibrils.
    • Most ciliates possess a cell mouth or cytostome.
    • Anal aperture (cytopyge) permanent.
    • Two types of nuclei, one vegetative (macronucleus) and the other reproductive (micronucleus).
    • Fission is transverse.
    • Sexual reproduction never involves the formation of free gametes.
    • One or more contractile vacuoles present even in marine and parasitic types.

    Subclass 1: Holotricha

    • Body cilia simple and uniform.
    • Buccal cilia mostly absent.

    Order 1: Gymnostomatida.

    • Examples: Coleps, Dileptus, Didinium, Prorodon, Nassula, etc.

    Order 2: Trichostomatida.

    • Examples: Colpoda, Balantidium, etc.

    Order 3: Chonotrichida.

    • Examples: Spirochona, Lobochona, Chilodochona, etc.

    Order 4: Apostomatida.

    • Example: Hyalophysa.

    Order 5: Astomatida.

    • Examples: Anoplophyra, Maupasella, Hoplitophyra, etc

    Order 6: Hymenostomatida.

    • Examples: Colpidium, Tetrahymena, Paramecium, etc.

    Order 7: Thigmotrichida.

    • Examples: Thigmophyra, Boveria, etc.

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