W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Geography – Drainage System Of West Bengal.
WBCS ২০১৮ মেইনস প্রশ্নের উত্তর – ভূগোল – পশ্চিমবঙ্গের নিকাশী ব্যবস্থা।
1)Classify the drainage system of West Bengal on the basis of their place of origin.
Drainage system of West Bengal
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION:
West Bengal is the land of rivers. There are three major river basins, namely the Ganges, the
Brahmaputra, and the Subarnarekha. There are a number of tributaries and distributaries of each
of these rivers. The catchment areas of each of these river systems are given with descriptions of
the drainage system.Continue Reading W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Geography – Drainage System Of West Bengal.
The Ganges River Drainage System:
This is the largest river basin in West Bengal; both in area and in carrying capacity. This
contains 46% of total runoff of the state. Main river of this basin is Bhaghirathi which is a
distributary of the Ganges.
The Ganges originates from the Gangotri glacier. Its main tributaries are also originated
from glaciers, from which it gets a steady supply of water throughout the year.
West Bengal is situated in the lower flow of Ganges, which includes almost all of West
Bengal and Kishangang district. Its catchment area in West Bengal is 74,720sq km which lies in
the following districts: North and South Dinajpur, Maldaha, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Nadia,
Bardhaman, Hugli,Howrah East Midnapur, North and South Twenty-four Parganas, and parts of
Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Koachbihar, Bankura, Purulia and West Midnapur.
The Ganges makes a sharp bend towards south east near Rajmahal and enters in Maldaha
district ( southern part ) of West Bengal. From Giria at Murshibad its flow divides and passes
through two channels. Main flow enters t Bangladesh and is called the Padma. The other
distributary crosses through the southern part of West Bengal and is called the Bhaghirathi. The
Padma meets the river Brahmaputra at Bangladesh. The Ganges, the Padma and the Bhaghirathi
have many distributaries which all together makes the largest river delta in the world.
In Maldaha the main tributary is the river Mahananda. It originates form Darjeeling
Himalayas. It has a stable channel and its sediments fill up the Tal low land. Some tributaries
from North Bengal meet Padma at Bangladesh. These tributaries are formed either from glaciers
or from piedmont fans. The rivers originating from glaciers get steady supply of water.
The Bhaghirathi has a number of tributaries coming from Decan Shield. Major tributaries
are Damodar, Ajoy and Roopnarayan; all three have almost parallel channel. These rivers are
mainly formed by rainwater. For this the rivers do not have enough water throughout the year
especially at summer and winter. For this the sedimentation rate is quiet high. This sediment lifts
the river basin. Since the rock structure is granite in nature only a small amount of rain water
percolates and stores in the aquifer. Major part of rainwater passes through drainage system and
creates flood. All of these rivers especially the Damodar is flood prone. To control flooding a
number of reservoirs are created under Damodar Valley Project, from where water is also used
for irrigation and industrial purposes. However high sedimentation rate in these projects
decreasing their efficiency and storage capacity. Still now the lower part of Damodar is not
properly stable.
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