• Home /Exam Details (QP Included) / Main Exam / Optional Subject-Medical Group / Geography / W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Geography – Urbanisation In India During The 20th Century.
  • W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Geography – Urbanisation In India During The 20th Century.
    Posted on December 8th, 2018 in Geography
    Tags:

    W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Geography – Urbanisation In India During The 20th Century.

    WBCS  ২০১৮ মেইনস  প্রশ্নের উত্তর  – ভূগোল – বিশ শতকের সময় ভারতে নগরায়ণ।

    1)Analyse the trend for urbanisation in India during the 20th Century.

    Urbanisation in India

    Urbanization in India began to accelerate after independence, due to the country’s adoption of a mixed economy, which gave rise to the development of the private sector. Urbanisation is taking place at a faster rate in India. Population residing in urban areas in India, according to 1901 census, was 11.4%. This count increased to 28.53% according to 2001 census, and crossing 30% as per 2011 census, standing at 31.16%. According to a survey by UN State of the World Population report in 2007, by 2030, 40.76% of country’s population is expected to reside in urban areas. As per World Bank, India, along with China, Indonesia, Nigeria, and the United States, will lead the world’s urban population surge by 2050.

    Mumbai saw large scale rural-urban migration in the 20th century.Mumbai, in 2018, accommodates 22.1 million people, and is the largest metropolis by population in India, followed by Delhi with 28 million inhabitants. Witnessing the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world, as per 2011 census, Delhi’s population rises by 4.1%, Mumbai’s by 3.1% and Kolkata’s by 2% as per 2011 census compared to 2001 census.

    Causes of urbanisation in India

    The main causes of urbanisation in India are:

    • Expansion in government services, as a result of the Second World War
    • Migration of people during the partition of India
    • The Industrial Revolution
    • Eleventh five-year plan that aimed at urbanisation for the economic development of India.
    • Economic opportunities are just one reason people move into cities
    • Infrastructure facilities in the urban areas
    • Growth of private sector after 1990
    • Growth of employment in cities is attracting people from rural areas as well as smaller cities to large towns. According to Mckinsey India’s urban population will grow from 340 million in 2008 to 590 million in 2030.
    • Therefore, it is being driven by economic compulsions where people move out for economic advancements to areas offering better job opportunities.
    • It is also driven by land fragmentations, villages being erased due to roads and highway constructions, dam constructions and other activities.

    Rapid rise in urban population, in India, is leading to many problems like increasing slums, decrease in standard of living in urban areas, also causing environmental damage.

    The Industrial Revolution of the 18th century caused countries like the United States and the United Kingdom to become superpowers, but conditions elsewhere are worsening. India’s urban growth rate is 2.07%; seemingly insignificant compared to Rwanda, with 7.6%. India has around 300 million people living in metropolitan areas. This has greatly increased housing issues: with overcrowded cities, many people are forced to live in unsafe conditions, such as illegal buildings. Water lines, roads and electricity are lacking in quality, resulting in a decline of living standards. It is also contributing to the issues presented by pollution.

    Urbanization also results in a disparity in the market, owing to the large demands of the growing population and the primary sector struggling to cope.

    Allan Chirare, 15 August 2015 quotes: “Urbanization is just becoming a disaster to the city of Mumbai in India.”

    It could be argued that urbanization impacts the migrants themselves on multiple levels. Networks of friends and family become support systems during the initial transformation phase and the struggle to find work in a fast-paced environment. Their struggles may take months, or even years, to adjust to the new surrounds in order to find a stable job. Migrants are responsible for supporting both themselves in the city and the family left at home.

    Some of the positive effects resulting from rural to urban migration occur in the agrarian communities from which migrants came. Family members left at home, usually the elderly and young, are eased out of financial pressures as their relatives work to provide higher standards of living for their dependants. Their quality of life is often additionally improved by the provisions that the migrant sends back.

    Our own publications are available at our webstore (click here).

    For Guidance of WBCS (Exe.) Etc. Preliminary , Main Exam and Interview, Study Mat, Mock Test, Guided by WBCS Gr A Officers , Online and Classroom, Call 9674493673, or mail us at – mailus@wbcsmadeeasy.in
    Visit our you tube channel WBCSMadeEasy™ You tube Channel
    Please subscribe here to get all future updates on this post/page/category/website
    "WBCS

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

    This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

     WBCS Foundation Course Classroom Online 2024 2025 WBCS Preliminary Exam Mock Test WBCS Main Exam Mock Test WBCS Main Language Bengali English Nepali Hindi Descriptive Paper