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  • W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Physiology – Autonomic Reflexes.
    Posted on December 22nd, 2018 in Physiology
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    W.B.C.S. Main 2018 Question Answer – Physiology – Autonomic Reflexes.

    WBCS  ২০১৮ মেইনস   প্রশ্নের উত্তর -ফিজিওলজি – অটোনমিক রিফ্লেক্সেস। 

    1)Write the difference between somatic and autonomic reflex arc.

    The autonomic nervous system regulates organ systems through circuits that resemble the reflexes described in the somaticnervous system. The main difference between the somatic and autonomic systems is in what target tissues are effectors.Somatic responses are solely based on skeletal muscle contraction.

    Peripheral nervous system is the nervous system which is outside the brain and spinal cord. The main function of the PNS is to relay information between the central nervous system and the effector organs. Somatic and autonomic nervous system are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).  The somatic nervous system is known as the voluntary nervous system and the autonomic nervous system is known as the involuntary nervous system. The main difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system is that somatic nervous system is involved in controlling voluntary muscular movements whereas the autonomic nervous system is involved in controlling involuntary muscular movements in the body.

    One difference between a somatic reflex, such as the withdrawal reflex, and a visceral reflex, which is an autonomic reflex, is in the efferent branch. The output of a somatic reflex is the lower motor neuron in the ventral horn of the spinal cord that projects directly to a skeletal muscle to cause its contraction. The output of a visceral reflex is a two-step pathway starting with the preganglionic fiber emerging from a lateral horn neuron in the spinal cord, or a cranial nucleus neuron in the brain stem, to a ganglion—followed by the postganglionic fiber projecting to a target effector. The other part of a reflex, the afferent branch, is often the same between the two systems. Sensory neurons receiving input from the periphery—with cell bodies in the sensory ganglia, either of a cranial nerve or a dorsal root ganglion adjacent to the spinal cord—project into the CNS to initiate the reflex . The Latin root “effere” means “to carry.” Adding the prefix “ef-” suggests the meaning “to carry away,” whereas adding the prefix “af-” suggests “to carry toward or inward.”

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