The Deputy Chief of Army Staff emphasized the need for a robust air defense system, stating that Beijing aimed to cause harm through Islamabad rather than directly intervening.

“New Age Military Technologies: Lessons from Operation Sindoor”

• India faced three adversaries during Operation Sindoor: Pakistan, China, and Turkiye.

• The conflict highlighted the need for indigenisation of defence technology and a robust air-defence system.

• China’s ancient military essay of 36 Stratagems was used to explain its plan of harming India through Pakistan.

• China’s involvement extended beyond intelligence sharing, with Pakistan heavily dependent on Chinese military hardware.

• The air defence system helped India during the conflict, but population centres were not fully addressed.

• The conflict also highlighted the importance of a secure supply chain.