Plastic Pollution and Health Concerns

• Around 180 countries have yet to reach a consensus on an international agreement to restrict plastic pollution.

• The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has already backed a resolution on the need for such a move, but only a binding agreement will force countries to take concrete action.

• Countries are divided on whether to address plastic waste alone or include plastic production.

• The role of plastics in health is a key point of contention.

• Plastics are mixtures of various types that include monomers, polymers, and chemical additives.

• A report in the journal Nature concluded that more than 4,000 chemicals of concern can be present in each major plastic type.

• Most of these chemicals are synthetic and non-biodegradable, leading to public opinion focusing on recycling or waste management.

• Studies have linked changes in thyroid function, hypertension, kidney and testicular cancer, and gestational diabetes to exposure to these chemicals.

• The true “gold standard” of exposure is a “longitudinal study”, where a fixed group of people are tracked over a long time to discern the effects of chemical exposure.

• Microplastics are plastics smaller than five millimetres and can refer to the constituent elements of a variety of additives or plastic products.

• There is a ban on the production and use of single-use plastics in nearly 20 States.

• India has a range of administrative processes meant to push companies towards ensuring that a proportion of plastic that is used is collected back. However, this has had limited effect.

• In international negotiations on the global plastics treaty, India and other countries have expressed reservations on including discussions on health in the plastic treaty and said these are matters to be taken up at the World Health Organization.

Plastic Pollution Health Impact is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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