India’s Demographic Changes and Policy Reorientation

• India’s Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Total Fertility Rate (TFR) have fallen, indicating a demographic shift.

• The CBR has declined to 18.4, from 19.1 in 2022, and the TFR has fallen to 1.9.

• A TFR of 2.1 births per woman indicates a stable population over time, while rates below 2.1 suggest a trend towards population decline and aging.

• Regional differences exist, with Bihar having the highest CBR at 25.8, and Tamil Nadu having the lowest at 12.

• The proportion of people above 60 rose by 0.7 percentage points in a year to 9.7% of the population.

• Kerala has the highest proportion of elderly population, at 15%, while Assam, Delhi, and Jharkhand reported the lowest proportion over 60 years.

• The declining trend will take several years to impact the population, but the nation should prepare for a different future while leveraging its demographic dividend.

• A ‘young’ nation will require a massive realignment to serve the needs of a growing elderly population.

India Policy Reforms is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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