Supercomputers: A New Frontier in Computing

Differences from Normal Computers

• Supercomputers are vast, complex, and calculation-heavy systems.

• They require thousands or millions of processors working simultaneously.

Processing of Supercomputers

• Supercomputers use parallel computing, with each processor tackling a small part of the problem.

• Each node, a group of processors bundled together with memory, is connected in a high-speed network.

• Each node has its own memory for quick access to data.

• Supercomputers require bespoke cooling to prevent self-destructiveness.

Software Used in Supercomputers

• The operating system controls how its processors work together.

• Parallel programming languages like MPI or OpenMP are developed.

• Load balancing is a key issue.

Supercomputer Performance

• Supercomputer performance is usually measured in flops, or floating-point operations per second.

• Today’s top supercomputers operate in the range of exaflops, performing quintillions of operations every second.

Understanding Supercomputers in India

• Supercomputers are designed for large teams of researchers and are accessed remotely.

• Users prepare job scripts, which describe the program to run, computing power needed, and running time.

India’s Supercomputing Initiative

• India’s supercomputing effort began in the late 1980s.

• The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) was founded in 1988 to develop indigenous systems.

• The National Supercomputing Mission (NSM) was launched in 2015 to build a network of 70+ high-performance computing facilities across India.

Future Supercomputers in India

• Quantum computers promise a new way of handling certain types of problems.

• Exascale computing is pushing the limits of classical machines.

• New designs inspired by the human brain, called neuromorphic computing, could yield significant gains in energy efficiency and speed.

Future of Computing is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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