Astronomy using many messengers

• Multi-messenger astronomy utilizes various types of signals from space to study the universe.

• Traditionally, astronomy relied primarily on light and telescopes, covering a spectrum from radio waves to X-rays.

• Different messengers have been identified: gravitational waves (from cosmic collisions), neutrinos (from nuclear reactions), and cosmic rays (charged particles).

• Each messenger provides distinct insights; for instance, gravitational waves indicate the violent origins of events, while neutrinos reveal internal processes of stars.

• A notable example occurred in 2017 when light from colliding neutron stars was observed alongside gravitational waves, supporting theories about the creation of heavy elements like gold.

• India’s contribution to this field includes the launch of Astrosat by ISRO, which combines ultraviolet, optical, and X-ray observations, enabling simultaneous tracking of various astronomical phenomena that single-wavelength observatories could not capture.

Astronomy with Messengers is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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