India’s reform of passive euthanasia

• The U.K. House of Commons passed the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill, allowing physician-assisted dying for competent adults expected to live fewer than six months, pending approval from the House of Lords.

• India has acknowledged passive euthanasia through Supreme Court judgments but rejects active euthanasia due to cultural values, institutional capacity, and socio-economic conditions, suggesting a distinct path.

• Passive euthanasia involves the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments, recognized legally, yet implementation remains slow due to procedural requirements impacting families during critical times.

• The U.K.’s model benefits from strong institutional support, contrasting with India’s fragmented healthcare system that complicates end-of-life decisions amidst societal factors.

• Introducing active euthanasia in India may pressure vulnerable populations while raising ethical dilemmas, as the healthcare context is not conducive to such practices.

• The Indian Supreme Court differentiates between the right to die with dignity and the right to be killed, reflecting a cautious ethical conservatism.

• India should refine its passive euthanasia protocol by utilizing digital tools, streamlining processes, and enabling a national digital portal for advance directives linked to biometric verification.

• Hospital ethics committees should have clear authority to expedite decisions on life support within 48 hours, with a decentralised review mechanism suggested for oversight.

• Mandatory safeguards like a cooling-off period and psychological counselling should remain to prevent misuse and protect vulnerable individuals.

• Reforming passive euthanasia aims to ensure dignity in dying while aligning with Indian ethics and improving accessibility through digital innovations and education on end-of-life care.

Living will legalised guidelines is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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