Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded to scientists who deciphered the immune system

• The Nobel Week began with the announcement of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to three scientists: Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi.

• They were recognized for their contributions to understanding the human immune system, particularly in relation to cancer and autoimmune diseases.

• Their discovery focused on ‘peripheral immune tolerance’ and identified regulatory T cells as vital in preventing the immune system from attacking healthy cells.

• Shimon Sakaguchi’s key discovery in 1995 challenged previous beliefs about immune tolerance by identifying a new class of immune cells.

• In 2001, Brunkow and Ramsdell discovered a mutation in the Foxp3 gene linked to autoimmune diseases in mice, which was later connected to human conditions like IPEX.

• Sakaguchi demonstrated that the Foxp3 gene regulates the development of regulatory T cells, enhancing our understanding of immune system function.

• These discoveries have significant implications for developing medical treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases, with some in clinical trials.

Regulatory T Cells Nobel is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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