The Physics Nobel Prize demonstrates the importance of pursuing knowledge beyond immediate benefits

• John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis’s experiments in the 1980s demonstrated that quantum mechanics governs macroscopic circuits, culminating in their 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics.

• They discovered macroscopic quantum tunneling and energy quantization in a circuit featuring two superconductors separated by an ultrathin insulating barrier (Josephson junction).

• The experiments showed that at near absolute zero temperatures, current could escape through tunneling, contradicting classical physics expectations.

• Their findings indicated that the superconducting phase difference acted as a single quantum variable, confirming quantum behavior in large systems.

• Josephson junctions are critical for superconducting qubits, which are integral to current quantum computers, as well as for magnetometers, quantum voltage standards, and single-photon detectors.

• They expanded the domain of applied quantum engineering by demonstrating that quantum laws apply to larger objects, shifting focus to preserving macroscopic quantum effects for practical use.

• Current research aims to improve materials and architectures to maintain quantum states, emphasizing curiosity-driven inquiry and its unforeseen technological advancements.

Long‑term scientific gains is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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