Google’s Quantum AI’s ‘Willow’ Chip: A Verifiable Display of Quantum Advantage

• Researchers from Google, MIT, Stanford, and Caltech have demonstrated a quantum advantage using the company’s Willow quantum processor.

• The team demonstrated that Willow outperforms existing supercomputers on solving a specific problem.

• Quantum computers can behave like waves, with their “wave functions” causing interference.

• Researchers introduced a quantum algorithm called Decoded Quantum Interferometry (DQI) to solve optimization problems.

• DQI uses a quantum version of the Fourier transform to manipulate the wave-like nature of particles used as bits.

• The algorithm measures the final state of particles to find a ‘high-quality’ answer.

• The DQI algorithm was able to find a good approximation much faster than any known classical computer for the optimal polynomial intersection problem.

• The researchers measured how information becomes scrambled in a complex quantum system using an experiment.

• The researchers used a ‘kick’ to create a faint metallic ring in the sound waves, indicating the scrambling.

• The researchers measured the faintness and character of the leftover echo to determine how much the information had spread out and interacted with that specific part of the system.

Quantum Computing and Its Applications

• Quantum computing has shown potential in solving complex problems, but the speed of solving a puzzle by a quantum algorithm is still unknown.

• The next step will be for an independent team to use the same method to solve an unsolved problem in physics or chemistry.

• The applications of these studies are still lab-designed and do not translate to scientific discoveries.

• Google’s 2019 experiment used a quantum system to solve a problem called random circuit sampling.

• The new test solved a scientifically meaningful physical quantity and was “verifiable” as the same problem can be run on a classical or quantum computer.

• Early applications of these findings could be in Hamiltonian learning, the process of inferring unknown parameters of a physical system.

• The principles developed by physics Nobel Prize laureates are what make processors like Willow possible.

quantum advantage breakthrough is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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