“Green Crackers: A New Approach to Pollution Control”

• The Supreme Court legalized the sale of “green” crackers in the National Capital Region to balance the festive season’s “sentiments,” pollution from firecracker burning, and livelihood concerns of the firecracker industry.

• Nagpur-based CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) initiated the development of “green” crackers in 2018, claiming to reduce particulate matter pollution by 30%.

• The crackers use additives like ‘zeolite’, water-releasing molecules like boron-based reagents, and metallic composites to enhance combustion temperature and efficiency.

• The crackers have been used in demonstrations at major fireworks manufacturing units in Tamil Nadu.

• NEERI developed a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to register green cracker manufacturers and provide technology transfer for manufacturing such crackers.

• The term “green” cracker is a misnomer as it usually refers to zero-emission-or-smoke products.

• The Supreme Court noted that there was “not much improvement” in the overall air quality relative to 2018 and 2024.

• The Supreme Court concluded that permitting green crackers for Deepavali could not worsen the deteriorating air quality.

• The uptake of these crackers remains uncertain, with no official or independent scientific measurement available yet.

eco-friendly fireworks is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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