AI Advances in Quantum Computing

• Researchers from China have developed a method to create large arrays of neutral atoms with no defects.

• Neutral atoms, like rubidium atoms, can be controlled by small laser beams called optical tweezers.

• Creating precise atom positions in large arrays is crucial for quantum operations and error correction.

• Traditionally, assembling defect-free arrays involves moving atoms one by one or row by row using movable optical tweezers.

• The AI model calculated the best way to move thousands of atoms simultaneously with precise control of their positions and phases using laser holograms.

• The process began with an initially random array, where some sites were occupied by single atoms.

• The Hungarian algorithm was used to find the ideal pairing between loaded atoms and the target positions.

• Each movement was split into about 20 small steps to prevent heating and atom loss.

• The AI model generated a hologram with the optical tweezers that moved all atoms simultaneously and smoothly.

• The total time to rearrange atoms was roughly the same regardless of the array size.

• The scientists assembled two-dimensional arrays of up to 2,024 atoms free of defects in about 60 milliseconds.