Awardees of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics are seen on screen at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm

• The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis for their research on macroscopic quantum tunnelling in superconducting circuits.

• Their experiments focused on the Josephson junction, a device consisting of two superconductors separated by a thin insulator, which can exhibit quantum mechanical phenomena.

• They demonstrated that the phase difference in the junction behaves like a single quantum particle, allowing for macroscopic quantum tunnelling and discrete energy levels.

• Their findings illustrate how quantum effects can occur in larger, visible electrical circuits when isolated from environmental disturbances.

• The research prompts easier control and measurement of quantum states in solid-state devices, paving the way for advancements in quantum technology.

• Potential applications include superconducting qubits for quantum computing, high-precision measurements, quantum amplifiers, and components for quantum simulators.

Royal Swedish Academy Nobel is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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