Himachal Pradesh’s Highway Construction and Environmental Impact

• The National Highway project (Bilaspur-Manali-Leh) in Himachal Pradesh has been criticized for its lack of scientific approach in constructing roads in geologically fragile and seismically susceptible mountainous areas.

• The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has restricted the width of hill roads to 5.5 metres, despite the dangers of laying such roads.

• The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has been criticized for not implementing the ‘Landslide Hazard, Vulnerability & Risk Atlas’ for the state of Himachal Pradesh.

• The state has been accused of ignoring extreme weather events resulting from relentless rainfall between August and September 2025.

Immigration and the Politics of Fear

Shift in Immigration Focus

• U.S. President Trump’s UN General Assembly speech shifted focus from illegal immigration to legal migration.

• The focus has shifted from a state’s ability to absorb immigrants to nativist concerns about culture and heritage.

Impact of Anti-Immigration Protests

• Tommy Robinson led ‘Unite the Kingdom’ protest against immigration.

• Nigel Farage’s Reform UK party announced plans to scrap Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) and replace it with a five-year visa with higher income and language proficiency thresholds.

New Requirements for Permanent Settlement

• Labour government called Reform UK’s ILR policy racist.

• New Home Secretary, Shabana Mahmood, laid down new requirements for permanent settlement.

The Debate Turning Toxic

• The debate is moving from settlement to citizenship.

• The U.K. could move towards classes of citizenship.

• The U.S. has tried to strip constitutionally mandated birthright citizenship from children of migrants.

Highway construction Himachal is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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