India-China Border Settlement: A Decade-Long Struggle

Prime Minister Vajpayee’s Proposal for Border Settlement

• In 2003, Prime Minister Vajpayee proposed border talks between India and China.

• China agreed and appointed Special Representatives (SR) to lead the process.

• Despite China’s offer, India was not yet ready to make a deal.

Vajpayee’s Period as Prime Minister

• Post-nuclear tests of 1998, Sino-Indian relations reached their nadir.

• The two sides reconciled and held another Joint Working Group meeting in 1999.

• The SR process lost support from Prime Minister Vajpayee, who lost the 2004 elections.

The Political Parameters Agreement of 2005

• The agreement outlining political parameters and guidelines for a border settlement between India and China.

• The agreement suggested swapping their claims, with New Delhi agreeing to the Chinese retaining Aksai Chin in Ladakh and Beijing granting India the claim on Arunachal Pradesh.

The Task of the SRs

• By 2009, the SR’s task had expanded to cover all Sino-Indian relations.

• In June 2007, Chinese foreign minister Yang Jiechi reserted its claim on Tawang, the most significant town in Arunachal Pradesh.

India-China Border Relations: A Decade of Progress

• An 18-point consensus reached in 2013, but China insists on India granting the Tawang area.

• During the Doklam crisis of 2017, the two sides agreed on the “basis of alignment” for the Sikkim-Tibet border.

• In 2025, the SRs held their 24th round of talks, reiterating the decision to work out a “reasonable and mutually acceptable framework” for boundary settlement.

India China Border is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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