La Niña and El Niño’s Impact on India’s Climate

• La Niña is a phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) where the Pacific Ocean is cooler than usual.

• El Niño represents warming of the same region, influencing global atmospheric circulation and weather patterns.

• During La Niña years, India receives normal or above-normal rainfall during the monsoon season.

• Climate change may increase the frequency and intensity of both La Niña and El Niño events, potentially leading to harsh winters in India.

• The onset of La Niña or El Niño can be declared based on various indices.

• La Niña winters feature colder nights compared to El Niño, but daytime temperatures tend to be higher.

• Average wind speed is higher throughout the day during La Niña winters, helping reduce air pollution.

• El Niño summers are harsher, and if a La Niña arrives and persists into the summer of 2025, it may offer relief from high heat