New Study Reveals Biodiversity’s Hidden Pattern

• A new study reveals that biodiversity is organized like an onion, with dense, unique biodiversity at the center and porous, mixed margins outward.

• The study used a tool called Infomap to group together cells whose species co-occurred and tagged them as characteristic or non-characteristic.

• Four types of diversity were taken snapshots in every cell, and a clustering algorithm was run on all the cells.

• The world was split into seven sectors, appearing repeatedly inside every major region and for every taxonomic group.

• Temperature and rainfall models could predict which sector a cell belonged to, implying that only species that can tolerate local conditions can survive in a given layer.

• The study suggests that environmental filters allow some species to move while blocking others.

• The authors of the study wonder if there could be a universal rule inside each biogeographical region, transcending continents, oceans, and entire branches of the tree of life.

“Core-to-Transition Rule in Biogeography”

• A study by scientists from Spain, Sweden, and the UK confirms a general rule in biogeography.

• The researchers studied over 30,000 species, including birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, rays, dragonflies, and trees.

• The earth’s surface was divided into thousands of cells, each about 111 sq. km for most land animals.

• The species most tied to each region were tagged as characteristic, i.e., as belonging to its core community.

• Four types of diversity were taken in every cell: species richness, biota overlap, occupancy, and endemicity.

• A clustering algorithm was run on all the cells to determine if biodiversity organised differently among different organisms.

• The researchers found seven repeating biogeographical sectors, lining up in a remarkably orderly pattern.

• The core hotspots were highly rich, highly endemic, and had almost no foreign species.

• In 98% of region–taxon combinations, temperature plus rainfall models could predict which sector a cell belonged to.

• The species that inhabited the outer layers were usually subsets, not replacements, of inner layer species.

• The study provides a strong basis for understanding broad ecological trends and how environmental filters like elevation or climate allow some species to move while blocking others.

• The study could help make smarter decisions about what to protect and where in the Indian Himalayas.

Hidden Biodiversity Pattern is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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