The Nobel Committee Secretary General after winners of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine were announced

• The 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries related to peripheral immune tolerance.

• Their research provided insights into how the immune system is regulated to prevent it from attacking the body’s own organs, addressing the question of why most people do not develop autoimmune conditions.

• They identified regulatory T cells, which play a crucial role in maintaining immune system balance by preventing attacks on the body’s tissues.

• The concept of central tolerance, developed in the 1980s, revealed that T cells need training in the thymus to recognize and eliminate the body’s own proteins.

• Sakaguchi’s research led to the identification of a new class of T cells (regulatory T cells) that calm down aggressive responses from other T cells, protecting against autoimmune issues.

• Further studies by Brunkow and Ramsdell focused on the Foxp3 gene, crucial in the development of regulatory T cells, linking its mutations to serious autoimmune diseases like IPEX.

• Current research, involving over 200 studies, aims at developing treatments leveraging regulatory T cells for conditions such as cancer and autoimmune disorders.

• Potential applications include manipulating regulatory T cells to enhance immune responses against tumors and promoting their growth to prevent autoimmune attacks.

• This research may also impact organ transplantation, aiming to improve organ acceptance through regulatory mechanisms.

Medical Nobel Laureates is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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