Xenobiology is a new and rapidly growing branch of science that studies how life could exist using biological systems

• Xenobiology is a rapidly growing scientific field focused on studying potential life forms that differ from Earth-based biology.

• The term “xenobiology” originates from Greek, meaning “the study of alien life.”

• Unlike traditional biology that revolves around DNA, RNA, and proteins derived from 20 amino acids, xenobiology explores organisms that may utilize different genetic codes or biochemical structures.

• Key inquiries include whether life on Earth is unique and what alternative forms could exist in various environments (e.g., using methane or ammonia instead of water).

• Research in xenobiology involves engineering bacteria with additional DNA letters, allowing for the production of proteins with novel properties.

• Scientists also create synthetic cells capable of storing information in artificial molecules and utilizing new metabolic pathways.

• These studies challenge the definitions of “life” and investigate essential biochemical characteristics necessary for life to evolve and reproduce.

• Xenobiology has practical applications, potentially enabling programmed microbes to produce drugs or decompose toxic substances while being confined to controlled environments.

• This discipline intersects with chemistry, genetics, and astrobiology, aiming to explore the diversity of life forms possible in the universe.

Synthetic biological systems is important topic for Civil service exam (WBCS).

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