China-India ties throughout history and into the future

• Leaders have consistently guided China-India relations, establishing diplomatic ties in 1950, 1988, 2013, and last October.
 • Friendships and cooperation have been the foundation of China-India relations, with nearly 50 dialogue mechanisms established.
 • Bilateral trade volume has risen from less than $3 billion (2000) to $138.5 (2024), and cooperation in culture, education, tourism has expanded.
 • Bridging differences through dialogue is the key to China-India relations, with communication channels established to seek a proper solution.
 • Working for the future of the world is the “important mission” of relations, with the two countries advocating the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and promoting the independence and unity of Asian and African countries.

 On the Ground
 • China-India relations have become one of the world’s most crucial bilateral relations, serving the fundamental interests of the two peoples, meeting the common aspirations of regional countries, and conducive to world peace, development, and prosperity.
 • The two Foreign Ministers have met several times on multilateral occasions, reaching many points of consensus.
 • There is a good momentum to bilateral economic and trade cooperation, and people-to-people exchanges are increasing.

 Steps for Beijing and New Delhi
 • Building a healthy and stable relationship: Both sides should uphold the principles of mutual respect, mutual understanding, mutual trust, accommodation, and accomplishment.
 • Developing a mutually beneficial relationship: Both China and India are at a critical stage of national development and revitalisation.
 • Forging an internationally cooperative China-India relationship: As important members of the Global South, China and India have the responsibility to jointly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries and promote an equal and orderly multipolar world and a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalisation.