In India, Starlink struggles with spectrum, surveillance, and connectivity

tarlink’s Challenges in India’s Digital Divide

• Starlink’s satellite network aims to bridge the digital divide in India, but faces complex legal, regulatory, and security challenges.

• The Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) license from the Department of Telecommunications is required by the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885.

• The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) plays an advisory and regulatory role, advising on licensing terms, spectrum management, and fair competition.

• The Telecommunications Act, 2023 governs the allocation of satellite spectrum, requiring Starlink to adhere to security and pricing norms.

• The Satellite Communications Policy, 2000 and the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) require Starlink to coordinate satellite operations and orbital slot use to avoid conflicts with Indian Space Research Organisation assets and align with national space priorities.

• The Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 impose obligations related to encryption, data storage, and cybersecurity.

• Starlink’s operational permits in India have been delayed due to rigorous technical and financial assessments, ongoing security clearance process, and coordination with Indian space infrastructure.

• Reports alleging Starlink device misuse for illegal activities may have escalated concerns within India’s security establishment, requiring Starlink to implement robust safeguards.

• Starlink’s pricing in India remains speculative, but several indicators suggest the service may launch at a premium.

• The service may initially cater to institutions, businesses, and relatively affluent individuals in remote areas, offering high-speed, low-latency internet where terrestrial service providers struggle.

• Starlink’s regulatory experience in India offers insights into the delicate interplay between innovation, law, and sovereignty.

• The journey of Starlink is about bridging divides, not just about satellites and signals, but about bridging the digital divide.