Geography Syllabus – For UPSC Preliminary Examination.

Geography is an important subject as far as the UPSC civil services exam is concerned. It is a part of the UPSC prelims and mains exams. Geography is also an optional subject offered by the commission and as far as the numbers go, it is an immensely popular optional.Continue Reading Geography Syllabus – For UPSC Preliminary Examination.

Indian and World Geography – Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.

As you can see, the syllabus mentions only 1 line. Let us look at the details now.

Indian Geography

1. Basics of India
   1. Location, latitude, longitude, time zone, etc.
   2. Neighbours
   3. Important straits
   4. States and their position
   5. States with international boundaries
2. Physical features
   1. The Himalayas – geological formation, climate, vegetation, soil, biodiversity, physiographic divisions, major passes, significance
   2. The Great North Indian Plains – geological formation, physiographic divisions, climate, vegetation, soil, biodiversity, significance
   3. Peninsular Plateau – geological formation, Central Highlands, Deccan Plateau, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats
   4. Indian Desert
   5. Coastal plains and islands
3. River systems
   1. Himalayan rivers
   2. Peninsular rivers
   3. River basins
   4. Regional development and planning
   5. Hydropower projects, major dams
   6. West-flowing and east-flowing rivers
   7. Interlinking of rivers
4. Climate
   1. Monsoons – driving mechanism, El Nino, La Nina
   2. Seasons
   3. Cyclones
5. Minerals and industries – mineral distribution, industrial policies, location
6. Agriculture
   1. Land utilisation
   2. Types of agricultural practices
   3. Green revolution
   4. Soils and crops
   5. Irrigation
   6. Land reforms
   7. Animal husbandry
   8. Government schemes
7. Natural vegetation and fauna
   1. Classification of natural vegetation
   2. Rainfall distribution
   3. Biosphere reserves, national parks, etc.
   4. Red-listed species
8. Economic infrastructure
   1. Transportation (highways, inland waterways, etc.)
   2. Power and energy sector
   3. Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
   4. Energy conservation
9. Human Geography
   1. Demographics
   2. Recent census

World Geography

1. Major natural regions
2. Regional geography of developed countries
3. Regional geography of developing countries
4. Regional geography of South Asia

Physical Geography

1. Geomorphology
   1. Origin of the earth
   2. Interior of the earth
   3. Types and characteristics of rocks
   4. Folding and Faulting
   5. Volcanoes, earthquakes
   6. Interior of the earth
   7. Weathering
   8. Landforms formed by fluvial, aeolian and glacial actions
2. Climatology
   1. Atmosphere – structure and composition
   2. Temperature
   3. Pressure belts
   4. Wind systems
   5. Clouds and types of rainfall
   6. Cyclones and anti-cyclones
   7. Major climatic types
3. Oceanography
   1. Ocean relief
   2. Temperature, salinity
   3. Ocean deposits
   4. Ocean currents
   5. El Nino and La Nina
   6. Waves and tides
4. Biogeography
   1. Soil – origin and types
   2. Major biomes of the world
   3. Ecosystem, food chain
   4. Environmental degradation and conservation

Human Geography

1. Man & environment; relationship, growth and development of human geography; determinism and possibilism
2. Population, tribes, migration
3. Economic activities – agriculture, manufacturing, industries, tertiary activities
4. Settlements, urbanisation, functional classification of towns, million-cities and megacities

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