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Difference Between Archaea And Bacteria – Botany Notes – For W.B.C.S. Examination.
আর্কিয়া এবং ব্যাকটিরিয়ার মধ্যে পার্থক্য – উদ্ভিদ নোট – WBCS পরীক্ষা।
Despite being in the same category of prokaryotes, archaea and bacteria show variances in their genetic makeup, as the metabolic pathways, and other enzymes, genes possessed by the archaea closely resembles eukaryotes rather bacteria.Continue Reading Difference Between Archaea And Bacteria – Botany Notes – For W.B.C.S. Examination.
Simple, microscopic, ambiguous microorganisms mark their presence universally, whether its deep in water, high temperature, soil or any extreme conditions. The evolving history of these cells is considered to be old as more than 3.5 billion years ago. Archaea and bacteria are the representatives of the prokaryotes and belong to the kingdom Monera.
Archaea are considered to be the most primitive or ancient forms of life and denote the close relations to the first cells, which is deemed to arise about many years ago on earth. They were earlier classified as bacteria only and obtained name as “archaebacteria”, but due to the presence of certain unique features, they are now termed as ‘archaea’. They are inhabitants of very extreme environments.
Although like bacteria, which occupies the more significant part of the kingdom and are commonly found in the environment, archaea are also single-celled, lacking multicellularity, ranging in few micrometres. These essential differences and similarities are discussed in this content, with a brief description of them.
Comparison Chart
| BASIS FOR COMPARISON | ARCHAEA | BACTERIA |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | Archaea are single-cell, simple microorganisms and are capable of surviving under extreme condition. They are considered as the most primitive cells, which originated on the earth 4 billion years ago. | Bacteria are also single-cell but have the complex structure. All types of bacteria except archaea falls under this category. |
| Found in | Archaea are found in unusual environment like in hot spring, ocean depth, salt brine. | They are found everywhere like in the soil, water, living and non-living organisms. |
| Cell Wall | The cell wall is said to be as pseudopeptidoglycan . | The cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan with muramic acid or lipopolysaccharide. |
| Lipid membrane | Archaea have ether bonds with the branching of aliphatic acids in their lipid membrane. | Eubacteria or bacteria have lipid membrane of ester bonds with fatty acids. |
| Metabolic pathway | Archaea do not follow glycolysis or Krebs cycle but uses similar pathway. | Follow glycolysis pathway and Kreb’s cycle to break down glucose. |
| Types | Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles. | Gram-positive and gram-negative. |
| Reproduction | Archaea reproduce asexually by binary fission, fragmentation, or by the budding process. | Bacteria can produce spores which allow them to live in unfavourable condition. |
| Other features | Thymine is absent in the tRNA (transferase RNA). | Thymine is present in the tRNA. |
| Introns are present. | Introns are absent. | |
| RNA polymerase is complex and contains 10 subunits. | RNA polymerase is simple and contains 4 subunits. | |
| Archaea are non-pathogens. | Some bacteria are pathogens. | |
| Examples | 1.Pyrolobus fumarii. 2.Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. 3.Pyrococcus furiosus. 4.Methanobacterium formicum. |
1.Streptococcus pneumoniae. 2.Yersinia pestis. 3.Escherichia coli (E.coli). 4.Salmonella enterica. |
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