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Essay Composition On – Growth Of Nuclear Programs – For W.B.C.S. Examination.
Of the prototype commercial nuclear power plants that were built in the United States during the late 1950s and early 1960s, the most successful types used the light-water reactor system, either PWR or BWR. From the mid-1960s, larger units were ordered in the expectation of an ever-increasing commercial utilization of nuclear power, and by the early 1970s, nuclear plant orders were coming in at such a rapid pace that the unit sizes were increased so as to reduce the number of separate projects for which each vendor would have to provide trained staff.Continue Reading Essay Composition On – Growth Of Nuclear Programs – For W.B.C.S. Examination.
By the later years of the decade, however, the surfeit of orders in the United States had been followed by a large number of project cancellations, partly as a result of sharp reductions in estimates of how quickly the demand for electricity was expected to grow in the future.
It began to appear that the new plants simply were not needed. Moreover, the cost of new nuclear plants had begun to escalate to the point where their economics became questionable. Finally, public fears of nuclear power, which had always been a factor, were brought to a head by the Three Mile Island accident of 1979. Following that event, not a single new reactor was approved in the United States until 2012, when the Nuclear Regulatory Commission approved the construction of two PWRs in Augusta, Georgia. By that time, a growing demand for electricity, as well as improvements in reactor designs and government incentives to install power plants that were not dependent on fossil fuels, had created the potential for a rebirth of nuclear power in the United States.
Numerous other countries around the world adopted nuclear power as a part of their energy strategy in the late 20th century. Most programs utilized light-water reactor technology of the BWR or PWR type. France, following the oil shocks of the 1970s, embraced nuclear power as a strategic energy source, to be pursued for reasons of national security as well as energy independence, and as such the country invested heavily in the technology rather than relying on U.S. designs. The PWR fleet developed by the French nuclear industry eventually succeeded in producing more than three-quarters of the country’s electric power. Toward the end of the century, several European reactor vendors, including France’s Areva and Germany’s Siemens, produced an advanced Generation III PWR design known as the European Pressurized Reactor or Evolutionary Power Reactor (EPR). The standard EPR design yielded approximately 1,650 megawatts of electric power; early in the 21st century, construction began on several units in Europe as well as in China.
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