WBCS Exe Etc Exam Main Optional Subject Geography Syllabus

GEOGRAPHY :

Paper – I : PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY (GROUP – A : PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY)

Geomorphology

Nature and composition of earth’s crust; Structure of earth’s interior; Origin, distribution
and permanency of Continents and Ocean Basins; Theories of isostasy, continental drift, Bio energy cycle,
and plate tectonics; Earth movements – types and effects; Geographical features – Fundamental concepts in
geomorphology; Gradational processes – weathering and masswasting, Folding and Faulting; Landforms due to fluvial. glacial. aeolian, coastal and karst processes; Evolution of landforms– cyclic and
non-cyclic models; Global hydrological cycle.Continue Reading WBCS Exe Etc Exam Main Optional Subject Geography Syllabus.

Climatology

Atmosphere – nature, composition and structure , Biosphere – nature , composition and structure; Elements and factors of weather and
climate; Insolation and Heat-budget; General circulation of winds, Jet Streams and
Monsoons; Condensation and Precipitation; Airmass and fronts; Tropical and Extratropical cyclones; Thunderstorm and tornado; Climatic classification – principles and
application(Koppen, Thorntwaite, Trewartha); Global climatic changes.

Oceanography

Origin of continents and ocean basins; Bottom topography of ocean basins: Indian, Pacific
& Atlantic Oceans; Nature, origin and characteristics of continental shelves, Trenches,  and slopes,
submarine canyons and coral reefs and atolls; Ocean currents: Indian, Pacific and Atlantic
oceans; Physical and Chemical properties of ocean water: temperature, salinity and
density; TS Diagram and Watermass; Ocean Deposits; Marine Resources.

Environmental Geography

Nature and composition of Biosphere; Concepts relating to Ecosystem – production and
decomposition, homoeostasis, energy environment, productivity, food chain, food web,
trophic structure, ecological niche, ecological pyramids, and ecological crisis; Ecosystem – Grasslands
principles and components; Components, Geomorphic processes , Bio-energy Cycles and Biogeochemical cycles;
Major Ecosystems of the world; Environmental degradation and conservation;
Environmental pollution – land, water, air and noise; Natural hazards and natural disaster
characteristics, mitigation and global efforts.

Cartography

The Earth as a Cartographic Problem – size and shape; co-ordinate system; scale and
map projection; Principles and properties of Polar Zenithal. Conical. Cylindrical and
Conventional projections (all normal case); Thematic mapping – types and techniques;
Principles of Surveying and Levelling with Chain, Plane Table, Dumpy level and GPS;
Remote Sensing nature and principles; Geographical Information System – evolution,
components, and functionality.

GROUP – B : HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Economic Geography

Concepts and theories of resources; Locational analysis of agriculture (intensive
subsistence in monsoon lands, extensive commercial farming in temperate lands,
plantation farming in the tropics and dairy farming in the temperate grasslands),
lumbering, fishing, mining (coal, petroleum and iron ore), power production (hydel and
nuclear) and manufacturing (iron & steel, aluminium, and cotton textile); Economic
models – landuse (Von Thunen), industry (Weber, Hoover, Pred). Economic systems and
economic landscape – characteristics and evolution (Rostow, Myrdal, and Isard). Global
economic blocks – patterns and functions.

Population Geography

Factors and measures of population growth; Malthus, Neo-Malthusianism, Optimum,
Social and economic, Biological and natural and Demographic transition theories of
population growth; Pattern of World population growth; Migration – nature, theories and
consequences on society; Population distribution – density and global pattern; Global
patterns and trends of population composition (age-sex structure and occupational
structure).

Social & Political Geography

Concept of space: absolute & relative; Social structure: stratification and differentiation;
Social Processes; segregation, adaptation, assimilation and integration; Heartland and
Rimland theories; Principles of boundaries and frontiers

Settlement Geography

Origin and Growth of Settlements; Function, morphology, types and patterns of Rural
settlements; Urban growth and urbanization; Classification, functions, and morphology of
towns and cities; Models of urban growth – Burgess, Hoyt, Harris and Ullman, Mann.
Urban gradients and densities; Residential areas – patterns and processes; The Central
Business District – characteristics, delimitation and changes; The Central Place Theory
and the Ranksize rule, The Urban field and inter-urban movement.

Regional Development and Planning

Regions – concepts, types and methods of regionalization; Regional diversity and
disparities in development; Regional development – role of resource base, technology and
information system, agriculture and industry, transport and communication, trade and
commerce; Regional development theory – Perroux and Isard; Regional planning – basic
principles and types; Environmental issues in regional planning and planning for
sustainable development; Planning regions – concepts and delineation; State as a
planning unit and micro-level planning with special reference to India.

Paper – II :

REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY GROUP – A: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

Physical Geography

Location and space relationship with neighboring countries; structure and Relief; Climate
and Drainage; Soil and Natural Vegetation

Resource Base

Distribution, utilization and Conservation of Land (soil), Water (freshwater), Water
Disputes interstate and neighboring countries, Mineral (iron ore, manganese, bauxite,
mica), Energy (coal, oil, natural gas, and Non – Conventional sources like wind, tidal and
solar power) and Biotic Resources

Economy

Indian agriculture – nature and characteristics; Development of Agriculture during the Plan
periods; Green Revolution; Distribution and characteristics of cultivation of rice, wheat,
jute cotton, tea, and coffee; Agricultural Regions, Industrial development and industrial
policy during the Plan Period; Locational Dynamics, Growth and Development of the Iron &
Steel, Aluminum, Engineering, Oil Refining, Cotton Textile, Jute, Sugar, Paper, cement and
automobile industries; Growth and Development of Transport and Communication System
(Road, Rail, Water, and Air); Nature and Development of Trade – national and foreign
specially with the SARC and ASEAN countries; Trade Balance.

Population

Population as a Resource; Relation between Population and Socio-economic Development;
Population Growth – spatial and temporal variations; Population Distribution and
population – resource relationships; Population Composition and social implications age,
sex, literacy, religion, and caste; Urban Growth and Urbanization – characteristics and
patterns, factors and processes; Population Problems , Settlement and Population Policy during the Plan
periods.

GROUP – B: GEOGRAPHY OF WEST BENGAL

Physical Geography

Location with Geographical Personality; Physiographic Divisions – structure and relief;
Climate – seasonal weather conditions; Agro-climatic regions; Drainage systems and
problems; Soil – types and fertility, erosion and conservation; Natural Vegetation – types
and distribution, deforestation and afforestation.

Resource Base

Distribution, utilization and Conservation of Land, Water, Mineral, Energy (both
Conventional and Non – Conventional) and Biotic Resources

Economy

Landuse – characteristics and correlates; Irrigation and Agriculture – development during
the Plan periods; Rice, jute, and tea – cultivation, crop ecology, production and problems;
Crop Combination Regions; Impact of Green Revolution; Industrial Regions – growth, development and problems; Trade and Transport – nature and status of development; issues of development

Population

Population as a Resource; Relation between Population and Socio-economic Development;
Growth and Distribution (absolute, and density – crude, physiological and habitational);
Population Composition – age, sex, literacy, occupation, religion, and caste; Urban Growth and
Urbanisation – characteristics, patterns and factors; Population Problems and Population Policy during the Plan periods

W.B.C.S. Main Examination 2019 Optional Geography Question Paper I And II Download

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